Use of micro-climatic monitoring to assess potential stone weathering on a monument: example of the Saint-Remi Basilica
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(2020) 192:796
Use of micro-climatic monitoring to assess potential stone weathering on a monument: example of the Saint-Remi Basilica (Reims, France) Emilie Huby · C´eline Thomachot-Schneider · Patricia V´azquez · Gilles Fronteau
Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Temperature and humidity variations influence various weathering processes of historical building stones. The aim of this study is to define the possible micro-climates on a monument in order to identify the recurring stress events, allowing to assess the potential stone weathering. For this purpose, a sensor network was set up on the two towers of the Saint-Remi Basilica of Reims: fourteen i-Buttons recorded temperature and relative humidity for 2 years with a time step of 1 h or 2 min for short measurement campaigns. Two micro-climates were identified: the sunny micro-climate (areas oriented South and West) presenting higher temperatures and lower relative humidity than the shadowed micro-climate (areas oriented North, East, and other shadowed zones). On the micro-climates, three typical days (Sunny, Rainy, and Frost days) were determined and allowed to fragment 1 year in a succession of these days. Short temperature variations (1 ◦ C/min) due to cloud cover were also identified during the sunny days, thanks to the shorter time step of 2 min. The stress generated during the typical days could then be estimated. Depending on the repartition of typical days for each micro-climate, some weathering processes could be favored: concentration of stress near the surface on the E. Huby () · C. Thomachot-Schneider · P. V´azquez · G. Fronteau Universit´e de Reims Champagne Ardenne, GEGENAA EA 3795, 51097, Reims, France e-mail: [email protected]
sunny micro-climate, development of biological colonization, and harsher frost events for the shadowed micro-climate. Taking into account the properties of the main limestones present on the basilica, the weathering on-site could be explained. Keywords Monitoring · Micro-climate · Cultural heritage · Limestones
Introduction Stone weathering on a monument is a complex phenomenon in which several factors, intrinsic and extrinsic, work in synergy: stone properties (chemical and mineralogical composition, petrophysical properties), stone heterogeneity, climatic conditions, material diversity or human activity. In a large study area, a building or a monument, all the stones are not subjected to the same strains, which induces a spatial variability of the stone weathering. In particular, environmental factors depend on where the considered stone is located on the monument, and the corresponding micro-climates should thus be identified. Camuffo (2014) defines a micro-climate as a “synthesis of the ambient physical conditions (e.g., time and space distributions, fluctuating values and trends, average and extreme values, space gradients and frequency of oscillations) due to either atmospheric variables (e.g., temperature, humidity, sunshine, airspeed) or
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