Use of semiochemicals for surveillance and control of hematophagous insects
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CHEMOECOLOGY
REVIEW
Use of semiochemicals for surveillance and control of hematophagous insects Collins K. Mweresa1,2,4 · W. R. Mukabana2,3 · J. J. A. van Loon4 · M. Dicke4 · W. Takken4 Received: 3 October 2019 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Reliance on broad-spectrum insecticides and chemotherapeutic agents to control hematophagous insect vectors, and their related diseases is threatened by increasing insecticide and drug resistance, respectively. Thus, development of novel, alternative, complementary and effective technologies for surveillance and control of such insects is strongly encouraged. Semiochemicals are increasingly developed for monitoring and intervention of insect crop pests, but this has not been adequately addressed for hematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance. This review provides an insight in the application of semiochemicals for control of hematophagous insects. Here, we provide specific information regarding the isolation and identification of semiochemical compounds, optimization approaches, detection, perception and discrimination by the insect olfactory system. Navigation of insects along wind-borne odor plumes is discussed and methods of odor application in field situations are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prospects and future challenges for the application of semiochemicalbased tools with emphasis on mosquitoes. The acquired knowledge can guide development of more effective components of integrated vector management, safeguard against emerging resistance of insects to existing insecticides and reduce the burden of vector-borne diseases. Keywords Semiochemicals · Kairomones · Behavior · Monitoring · Attraction · Repellence · Flies · Mosquitoes
Introduction Hematophagous insects bite, suck blood and transmit human as well as animal diseases (Logan and Birkett 2007; Valenzuela and Aksoy 2018; Barker and Reisen 2019). This threatens the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals on poverty, hunger and disease eradication. Communicated by Marko Rohlfs. * Collins K. Mweresa [email protected] 1
School of Biological and Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 210‑40601, Bondo, Kenya
2
Science for Health Society, P.O. Box 44970‑00100, Nairobi, Kenya
3
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197‑00100, Nairobi, Kenya
4
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Traditional management of hematophagous insects and associated diseases has largely relied on the use of broad-spectrum insecticides and chemotherapy, respectively (WHO 2018). However, the use of insecticides against insect vectors is limited by increasing damage on the environment and non-target organisms, climate change, insecticide resistance and resurgence of insect vector populations (Ogden 2017; Onah et al. 2017). Thus, novel alternative complementary tools, technologies and approaches are urgently needed to control inse
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