Used Frying Oil: A Proper Feedstock for Biodiesel Production?
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Used Frying Oil: A Proper Feedstock for Biodiesel Production? Rosana M. Alberici & Vanderlea de Souza & Gilberto F. de Sá & Sidney R. Morelli & Marcos N. Eberlin & Romeu J. Daroda
Published online: 26 May 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Used frying oil seems to be an economically viable and environmentally attractive alternative for biodiesel production, but the acceptance and successful use of this and other biodiesels obtained from waste materials require careful evaluation of its fuel properties and impurities. Herein, we show that biodiesel made from used frying soybean oil display overall quality comparable to those obtained from the fresh oil as measured by standard parameters of fuel quality such as induction period, acid number, heat of combustion, and iodine value as well as at the molecular level via profiles of intact and oxidized fatty acid methyl esters. These profiles were obtained directly from the biodiesel samples by easy ambient sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry. An artificial antioxidant, N,N′-di-sec-butyl-pphenylenediamine, was shown to significantly increase the oxidative stability of the used frying oil biodiesel at trace level. R. M. Alberici (*) : M. N. Eberlin ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas–UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970 SP, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] V. de Souza : R. J. Daroda National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology–INMETRO, Duque de Caxias 25250-020 RJ, Brazil G. F. de Sá Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50590-470 Recife, PE, Brazil S. R. Morelli Cooperativa de Processamento de Materiais Recicláveis-REMODELA, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Keywords Biodiesel . Fuel quality control . Ambient mass spectrometry . Soybean oil . Used frying soybean oil
Introduction Increasing crude oil prices and diminishing supplies of fossil fuels have lead to the imperative necessity to develop alternative fuel sources. Renewable biofuels is currently one of the top priorities and biodiesel composed by fatty acid methyl esters seems to offer a viable alternative to petrodiesel. Biodiesel also exhibits several advantages over petrodiesel such as low toxicity, high biodegradation rates, and lower exhaust emissions and hence reduced impact on global warming. Biodiesel displays also lubricating properties superior to petrodiesel [1]. But a great obstacle for largescale biodiesel production is the high prices of the feedstocks, and the controversial use of edible oils. The use of oil wastes has therefore the advantages of not competing with the food market while promoting its proper recycling and reducing production costs. Used frying oil has low market values currently of about one-fifth of that of the crude vegetable oil [2]. Used frying oils are generated in large quantities worldwide during food processing, and most of it goes to waste, creating ecological problems [3]. The use of used frying oil for biodiesel production seems therefore attractive but such a high variable-quality source of imp
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