User Interfaces and Adaptive Maps
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11. TerraSIP. Terrasip introduction. http://terrasip.gis.umn.edu/ 12. USCB. Tiger mapping service. http://tiger.census.gov/ 13. Vatsavai, R.R., Burk, T.E., Wilson, B.T., Shekhar, S.: A webbased browsing and spatial analysis system for regional natural resource analysis and mapping. In: Proceedings of the eighth ACMGIS, Washington D.C., USA (2000) 14. Vatsavai, R.R., Shekhar, S., Burk, T.E., Lime, S.: Umnmapserver: An high-performance, interoperable, and open source web mapping and geo-spatial analysis system. In: GIScience (2006) 15. Vdraft. Vdraft intenet tools. http://www.vdraft.com/vtools.html
User-Centered Geospatial Semantic Web: Personalisation
User Interfaces and Adaptive Maps L. T IINA S ARJAKOSKI, TAPANI S ARJAKOSKI Department of Geoinformatics and Cartography, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala, Finland Synonyms Personalization; Adaptation, complete; Adaptive; Contextaware Definition A map is called adaptive if it is able to change its own characteristics automatically according to the user’s needs and interests. The user’s needs and interests are typically described by context parameters. Some of these parameters are part of the user-profile (language, age, level of skills, etc.), some can be derived automatically (time of usage, location, the device used for interaction, etc.) while the others depend on the task for which the user needs the map (hiking, cycling, etc.). In a web based environment a map is assumed to be displayed to a user by a client application, which receives the pertinent information from a map server as a result of request-response dialog. A web service as such can be a result of combining or chaining multiple web services. For adaptive maps it is necessary to consider in particular three components involved in the service, namely 1) the client application, 2) value-added service, and 3) integrating map-service. The value-added service generates thematic data (layer) to be integrated with or superimposed on top of the background map. The integrating map-service, on the other hand, must be capable of accessing the reference map database or server and integrating the thematic data with the reference map.
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Historical Background At the beginning of the 1990s the research on user interfaces (UIs) focused a great deal on adaptive systems. The work towards adaptive user interfaces has grown from the need to create greater flexibility and user-friendliness in man-machine communication once computers have come to dominate the working environment of many people [8]. The first descriptions and definitions of adaptation came from biology, where adaptation designated any process whereby a structure was progressively modified to give better performance in its environment, see references given by Fairbairn and Erharuyi in [4]. The term ‘adaptive map’ has earlier been used in such contexts as computational mathematics or computer science. Hypermedia adaptation involved map adaptation technology that comprised various ways of adapting the form of global or local hypermedia maps presented to
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