Using a Microchannel Reactor to Optimize the Production of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chlorides
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TALYSIS IN CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Using a Microchannel Reactor to Optimize the Production of 1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chlorides A. S. Klimenkoa, D. V. Andreeva, *, S. A. Prikhod’koa, A. G. Gribovskiia, b, L. L. Makarshina, and N. Yu. Adonina, b a
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia bNovosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received July 30, 2019; revised October 16, 2019; accepted October 16, 2019
Abstract—The possibility of using microchannel flow reactors to obtain the kinetic and technological parameters of the synthesis of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) ionic liquid is demonstrated for the reaction of 1-methylimidazole (MIm) with 1-chlorobutane with no solvents. BMIMCl is produced with high selectivity and specific output in a microchannel flow reactor at temperatures of 120–180°C a contact time of 2–45 min, and a pressure of 20 bar. A positive result is obtained, due to the laminar profile of the flow and a uniform distribution of the reagents concentration over the microchannel cross section. Studying the kinetics of the process in a microchannel flow reactor reveals a shift of the reaction to the mode of diffusive inhibition at temperatures above 150°C. The kinetic data obtained for BMIMCl synthesis are used to develop ways of producing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides (EMIMCl and HMIMCl, respectively) under the conditions of a microchannel flow reactor. The approach proposed in this work is of interest in developing flow and periodic facilities for the low-tonnage production of dialkylimidazolium, ammonium, and pyridinium salts via quaternization of the corresponding alkyl chlorides and nitrogen-containing bases. Keywords: ionic liquid, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, BMIMCl, quaternization reaction, microchannel flow reactor DOI: 10.1134/S2070050420030071
INTRODUCTION Specialized and fine chemicals are the products of the most profound transformation of primary chemical raw material; this transformation is characterized by the highest added value cost of forming the largest end (in terms of total cost) of the chemical products market that exceeds half its volume [1–3]. The chemical products market is based on a wide range of chemicals with a volume of output that does not exceed 1000 tons per year. Specialized and fine chemicals are usually produced at existing plants using periodic technologies in modes that are very similar to those of laboratory experiments to elaborate technologies for their production [4]. The traditional periodic technologies of specialized and fine chemicals usually include a wide range of technological operations that require us to consider numerous technological parameters. Multistage processes, complicated technological schemes, and the high material capacity of the technological equipment are common drawbacks of such technologies [5, 6]. There are also problems related to the need to conduc
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