Using Geodesign as a boundary management process for planning nature-based solutions in river landscapes
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NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS IN RIVER LANDSCAPES
Using Geodesign as a boundary management process for planning nature-based solutions in river landscapes Sarah Gottwald , Jana Brenner Christian Albert
, Ron Janssen
,
Received: 28 November 2019 / Revised: 6 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020
Abstract Planning with nature-based solutions (NBS) presents a participatory approach that harnesses actions supported by nature to address societal challenges. Whilst Geodesign may facilitate participatory planning, manage boundaries between participants, and assess impacts of NBS, empirical insights remain scarce. This paper aims to develop and test a Geodesign process for planning with NBS, and to evaluate its contributions to boundary management. In a one-day Geodesign process, eleven stakeholders delineated priority areas, changed land uses, and observed resulting impacts on ecosystem services. Contributions to boundary management were evaluated regarding translation, communication and mediation functions, as well as perceived attributions of credibility, salience, and legitimacy. Results include spatial NBS scenarios and insights into contributions to boundary management: translating scenario stories into maps differed depending on the stakeholders involved; communication can be easily facilitated; yet mediation using an indicator tool led to frustration. Geodesign can indeed facilitate NBS co-design but needs to be integrated into a larger collaborative process. Keywords Freshwater Land use change Participatory mapping Planning support tool River management Touch table
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01435-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
INTRODUCTION Planning with nature-based solutions (NBS) responds to calls for changes in river management: (1) there is a shift from grey, or technical, infrastructure towards more naturebased, or green, infrastructure and solutions (Fliervoet et al. 2013; Albert et al. 2019); and (2) local citizens and their values are more deeply integrated with the management process through participatory processes and innovative governance models (Fliervoet et al. 2013; Westerink et al. 2017). NBS is a recently proposed concept in both practice and science that provides solutions to societal challenges inspired and supported by nature by bringing together established ecosystem-based approaches such as ‘ecosystem services’, ‘green-blue infrastructure’, ‘ecological engineering’, ‘ecosystem-based management’, and ‘natural capital’ (Nessho¨ver et al. 2016; Editorial 2017). NBS are actions that ‘(i) alleviate a well-defined societal challenge, (ii) utilise ecosystem processes of spatial, blue and green infrastructure networks, and (iii) are embedded within viable governance or business models for implementation’ (Albert et al. 2019, p. 15). Examples for NBS in river basins are revitalising flood plains, removing dams, planting forests, or restoring rivers (NWRM 2015; Guerrero e
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