Utilization of Nanosilica and Hydrated Lime to Improve the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of Gas Oil Contaminated
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Utilization of Nanosilica and Hydrated Lime to Improve the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of Gas Oil Contaminated Clay Reza Sobhani Nezhad . Sayed Alireza Nasehi Mohammad Reza Nikudel
. Ali Uromeihy .
Received: 10 February 2018 / Accepted: 12 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Crude oil and petroleum products can pollute soils during refining, transportation and operation processes. Because of physicochemical effects and reactions between these fluids and soils, geotechnical behavior and properties of soils change. Since these changes are mostly adverse, improvement and treatment of contaminated soils and sediments are necessary in many geotechnical projects and works. In present research, using lime as a traditional additive and nanosilica is considered for treating of gas oil contaminated clay. The polluted specimens were prepared by mixing the soil with gas oil in amounts of 0, 3, 6 and 9% by dry weight. The contaminant increased liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL), and reduced maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) of the soil. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the soil showed an initial increase in 3% of contamination and then a decrease for the heavily contaminated samples (i.e., gas oil content greater than 3%). After adding 0, 1, 2 R. Sobhani Nezhad Department of Civil Engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran S. A. Nasehi (&) Department of Geology, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran e-mail: [email protected] A. Uromeihy M. R. Nikudel Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
and 3 weight percent of lime and nanosilica, both independently and together; LL, PL, OMC and UCS of the samples increased and MDD of the treated soils decreased. Compared with lime and nanosilica, the mixture of them was considered more efficient in improving the UCS. By adding 3% of nanosilica-lime mixture and increasing curing time, considerable UCS gains occurred. Keywords Clay Nanosilica Lime Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) Gas oil Contamination
1 Introduction Today, anomalous use of petroleum in all over the world causes different environmental problems such as air, water and soil pollutions. Leakage of crude oil and its derivatives into soils and sediments during extraction, production, refining and transportation may change their physical characteristics, chemical properties and geotechnical behaviors. Contamination of soils with petroleum products affects mainly on strength, compaction, consolidation, permeability, and Atterberg limits of soils. Because of these extensive impacts, study of the polluted soils and treatment of them are so important and necessary in geotechnical engineering. Many researches have been done about the influences of petroleum products on the geotechnical
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not change the PL but increase the strength. Sakr et al. (2009) in
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