Utilization of the Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Technique (PLIF) to Measure Temperature Fields in a Gas-Stirred Lad
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1/17th water physical model of a 200-ton steel ladle furnace with a single gas injection was used to simulate bath heating using a single burner to mimic the heat flux due to electric arcs in the industrial steel ladle. Two phases were considered, using water to simulate the molten steel and air to simulate the argon injection at a flow rate of 1.54 NL min 1. The planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique was for the first time experimentally implemented to measure temperature fields in a longitudinal plane of the gas-stirred ladle model. PLIF employs a laser source of 532-nm wavelength to light water seeded with rhodamine B, which emits fluorescence depending on its temperature, after a complex calibration is made. Next, the fluorescence is captured by a camera with a 550-nm wavelength filter. The PLIF measurements were validated by local thermocouple measurements at five different locations in the measurement plane. Temperature fields measured by PLIF are in good agreement with those obtained locally by thermocouples, so the PLIF technique can be used to measure temperature fields with the advantage of getting a complete temperature contour field, in contrast to point values of temperatures with thermocouples. Experiments were carried out to study the thermal mixing for two common tuyere positions, i.e., axisymmetric and eccentric (mid-radius) positions. Results on the injection mode show that axisymmetric gas injection is a more efficient heat transfer configuration between the burner and the liquid phase than is the symmetric injection mode for the particular heating configuration studied in this work. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01944-3 Ó The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2020
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INTRODUCTION
TODAY, over 90 pct of the liquid steel produced in the world is solidified in a continuous casting machine as the main route to produce semi-finished products. A typical continuous casting setup consists of basically three metallurgical reactors, namely, a ladle, a tundish, and a continuous casting mold. One important factor determining the quality of the final product is the superheat of the molten steel both in the tundish and in the mold, since a high superheat may result in a poor L.E. JARDO´N-PE´REZ, A.M. AMARO-VILLEDA, C. GONZA´LEZ-RIVERA, and M.A. RAMI´REZ-ARGA´EZ are with the Metallurgical Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico, Edificio D, Circuito de los institutos s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoaca´n, C.P. 04510, Mexico, Mexico. Contact e-mail: [email protected] G. TRA´PAGA-MARTI´NEZ is with the CIATEQ, Avenida del Retablo no. 150 col. Constituyentes FOVISSSTE, C.P. 76150 Queretaro, Qro., Mexico and also with the CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Quere´taro, Libramiento Norponiente no. 2000, fracc. Real de Juriquilla, C.P. 76230 Queretaro, Qro., Mexico. Manuscript submitted March 24, 2020.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
quality of the steel due to excessive levels of centerline segregation in the solidified product. On the contrary, low superheat may cau
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