Utopia as Method The Imaginary Reconstitution of Society

Utopia should be understood as a method rather than a goal. This book rehabilitates utopia as a repressed dimension of the sociological and in the process produces the Imaginary Reconstitution of Society, a provisional, reflexive and dialogic method for e

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Utopia as Method The Imaginary Reconstitution of Society Ruth Levitas University of Bristol, UK

© Ruth Levitas 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-0-230-23196-2 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN 978-0-230-23197-9 ISBN 978-1-137-31425-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137314253 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

For Rob, companion in the quest

Contents Preface and Acknowledgements

viii

Introduction

xi

Part I 1 From Terror to Grace

3

2 Riff on Blue

20

3 Echoes of Elsewhere

40

Part II 4 Between Sociology and Utopia

65

5 Utopia Denied

85

6 Utopia Revised

103

7 The Return of the Repressed

127

Part III 8 Utopia as Archaeology

153

9 Utopia as Ontology

175

10 Utopia as Architecture

197

Notes

221

Select Bibliography

249

Index

261

vii

Preface and Acknowledgements In 2002, Tom Moylan, founding Director of the Ralahine Centre for Utopian Studies at the University of Limerick in the Irish Republic, invited a number of established scholars in utopian studies to reflect on how they had used utopia in their own work. Those papers were eventually published as a collection edited by Tom Moylan and Raffaella Baccolini as Utopia, Method, Vision.1 My own contribution developed the idea of utopia as method in terms of the Imaginary Reconstitution of Society, or IROS. I had written about utopia as method before, in an article on social policy published the previous year,2 but th