Valid (or Validated) Questionnaire
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Glossary
which is classified as a form of SpA that does not meet the criteria for other SpA. It has a high prevalence rate similar to AS and mainly develops into AS within several years.
derived from methods including time tradeoff and standard gamble.
VA Utility Definition A Utility is a preference for a particular health state. Utilities are transformed to Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) as the common ‘‘metric’’ for outcomes and are necessary for a Cost-Utility analysis.
Utility Score Synonyms Preference Score Definition A Utility Score quantifies health-related quality of life along a continuum that typically ranges from 0 (death) to 1 (full health). Utility scores can be negative, reflecting health states deemed worse than death (e.g., a permanent vegetative state). They are used to develop summary measures of population health incorporating both mortality and morbidity, and to perform cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment and intervention strategies. The term ‘‘utility’’ comes from economics, where it was originally developed to represent the desirability of bundles of goods. In the health field, it represents the desirability of bundles of health attributes, which can also be viewed as ‘‘commodities.’’
Utility Value Definition In terms of health economics, a Utility Value is a value placed upon a health state, where 1 = perfect health and 0 = death. They are
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Vaccine Definition A Vaccine is a product of weakened or killed microorganism (bacterium or virus) that stimulates an immune response that can prevent an infection or create resistance to an infection.
Vaccine Coverage Rate Definition Percent of target population immunized by the specific vaccine. It is calculated by dividing the number vaccinated by total target population and then multiplying the ratio by 100.
Vaccine Wastage Rate Definition Vaccine Wastage Rate is calculated by considering the total number of vaccine doses actually administered and the number of doses supplied. It is therefore the proportion of vaccine doses supplied actually used in the immunization program.
Valid (or Validated) Questionnaire Definition A questionnaire (or, in general, a measurement instrument) should be validated before
Glossary
its use in daily clinical practice. The validation process consists in evaluating the reliability, the validity, and the responsiveness of the measurement instrument.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Confirmatory Factor Analysis is used to verify what is hypothesized about a specific scale factor structure (determined by exploratory factor analysis) in another population.
Validity Definition The extent to which a scale measures what it purports to measure. Methodologies employed to test scale Validity mentioned in this chapter are: Construct Validity. Tests whether particular scale measures the unobservable construct it claims to measure (e.g., adolescent QOL). Convergent Validity. A variant of construct validity that shows a selected measure or scale is related to what it should t
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