Variable shrimp in variable environments: reproductive investment within Palaemon varians
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PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER
Variable shrimp in variable environments: reproductive investment within Palaemon varians Andrew Oliphant
. Sven Thatje
Received: 26 March 2020 / Revised: 20 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The maternal environment may influence the quantity and quality of resources invested in offspring (per-offspring provisioning) and this trait, in turn, affects larval fitness and may carry-over into early juvenile life. Here, per-offspring investment was measured across three consecutive breeding seasons for the caridean shrimp, Palaemon varians. Egg and hatchling larval dry weight as well as hatchling larval biochemical composition were measured. Results indicate that egg volume is positively correlated with dry weight, but egg volume as a proxy for dry weight should be used with caution. Correlations were identified between per-offspring investment and average breeding season temperature, but the period over which temperature was averaged was important to whether these correlations were positive or negative,
Handling editor: Jonne Kotta
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04455-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Oliphant S. Thatje Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK Present Address: A. Oliphant (&) Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand e-mail: [email protected]
highlighting the complexity of identifying environmental influence on phenotypic traits. The most important factor determining offspring size and peroffspring investment was maternal size, which may be influenced by the environment as carapace length varied significantly between breeding seasons. These data demonstrate variation in egg and larval composition, related to maternal size, which will affect early life traits and survivorship for P. varians. Keywords Per-offspring investment Maternal size Egg volume Egg dry weight
Introduction Salt marshes are intermediate coastal habitats at the confluence of terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. Like intertidal shores, the flora and fauna inhabiting salt marsh ecosystems are evolved to cope with variations in temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentrations; which occur as the influence of the marine environment ebbs and flows with the tides. The variable shrimp, Palaemon varians Leach, 1814 (formerly Palaemonetes varians; De Graves & Ashelby, 2013) (also known as common ditch shrimp or Atlantic ditch shrimp), is a common estuarine and brackish water invertebrate on North Western European coasts in the NE Atlantic. Palaemon spp. are
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Hydrobiologia
present in marine, brackish-, and freshwater environments and the evolutionary transition from the ancestral marine habitat to freshwater has occurred many times within the palaemonine generally, with species exhib
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