Variation in soil carbon, nitrogen and microbial attributes within a silvopastoral system in the Brazilian Cerrado
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Variation in soil carbon, nitrogen and microbial attributes within a silvopastoral system in the Brazilian Cerrado Luiz Henrique Gomes de Abreu . Igor Costa de Freitas . Pedro Henrique Lopes Santana . Demerson Luiz de Almeida Barbosa . Leonardo David Tuffi Santos . Ma´rcia Vito´ria Santos . Demerson Arruda Sanglard . Leidivan Almeida Fraza˜o
Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract There is insufficient information about the dynamics of soil organic matter in integrated production systems. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the variations in soil C and N stocks and microbial attributes as a function of the distances apart from the eucalyptus double rows within a silvopastoral system in the Brazilian Cerrado. Four treatments were considered, consisting of four distances (0.5 m, 1.6 m, 3.8 m and 6 m) apart from the double rows of eucalyptus for soil sampling within the silvopastoral system. The soil C and N contents and stocks, C/N ratio, microbial C (Cmic), soil basal respiration, metabolic quotient and microbial quotient were evaluated. Our results showed that soil C contents and stocks were significantly higher near the eucalyptus trees. Soil C stocks ranged from 99.91 (6.0 m) to 119.64 Mg ha-1 (0.5 m) up to 100 cm soil depth, with an increase of 19.73 Mg ha-1 nearest of the forest component. The same pattern was observed for N stocks, with values ranging from 9.52 (0.5 m) to
L. H. G. de Abreu I. C. de Freitas P. H. L. Santana D. L. de Almeida Barbosa L. D. T. Santos D. A. Sanglard L. A. Fraza˜o (&) Instituto de Cieˆncias Agra´rias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] M. V. Santos Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
7.95 Mg ha-1 (6.0 m) and representing an increase of 1.57 Mg ha-1 near the eucalyptus. We also found an increase of 51.32% in the Cmic at 0.5 m apart from the forest component. Thus, we can infer that the presence of eucalyptus improved the soil quality within the silvopastoral system, indicating that the correct soil sampling and measurements must be performed considering all the transect cultivated with forage grass and double rows of eucalyptus. Keywords Integrated forage-forestry system Microbial carbon Soil organic matter Soil quality
Introduction The conversion of native vegetation for food production can promote degradation and the decline of the ecosystem sustainability. Agricultural management and practices are factors that are directly associated with the changes in soil quality (Wezel et al. 2014). In the Brazilian Cerrado, there is a predominance for monoculture cultivation, with low investment in maintaining soil quality over time. In this context, several studies have reported that agroforestry or integrated production systems, when compared to conventional systems, result in improvements in soil quality regarding the physical (Chen et al. 2017; More
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