Variation of heavy metal speciation, antibiotic degradation, and potential horizontal gene transfer during pig manure co
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Variation of heavy metal speciation, antibiotic degradation, and potential horizontal gene transfer during pig manure composting under different chlortetracycline concentration Yao Wang 1 & Zhiqiang Chen 1 & Qinxue Wen 1,2
&
Ye Ji 1
Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Overuse of heavy metal and antibiotics in livestock husbandry has led to the accumulation of heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environment. This research aims to reveal the variation of heavy metal speciation and potential horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of HMRGs and ARGs in manure composting under different initial chlortetracycline (CTC) concentrations. Treatments spiked with 20 mg/kg CTC (treatment P1), 100 mg/kg CTC (treatment P2), and the control (treatment CK) were operated. Results showed that CTC could be completely removed in the thermophilic phase of all the treatments despite of the initial concentrations. Bioavailable Cu in treatments CK, P1, and P2 declined by 14.5%, 27.1%, and 26.7% and bioavailable Zn declined by 15.3%, 29.5%, and 12.1%, respectively, after the composting, respectively. Relative abundance of HMRGs decreased by 6.49 log, 8.88 log, and 5.77 log, respectively, in treatments CK, P1, and P2. Relative abundance of ARGs decreased by 3.37 log, 4.86 log, and 3.32 log, respectively, in treatments CK, P1, and P2. Composting could effectively reduce genes pcoD, pcoA, zntA, tetQ, and tetA, which might locate on the same plasmid. CTC of 100 mg/kg promoted the co-selection of ARGs and HMRGs and increased the potential HGT of gene cusA. Keywords Manure composting . Chlortetracycline (CTC) . Metal speciation . Heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) . Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)
Introduction Heavy metals and veterinary antibiotics have been widely used in animal husbandry for disease control and growth promoting (Wang et al. 2016). About 90% of heavy metals such as Cu and Zn can be excreted through manure and urine since heavy metals are poorly metabolized by animals (Ji et al. Responsible Editor: Severine Le Faucheur Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10557-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qinxue Wen [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China
2
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People’s Republic of China
2012). Tetracyclines are the most frequently (81.3–90.6% of frequency) detected antibiotics in pig manure with residual concentrations of 3326.6–12302.6 μg/kg (Hou et al. 2015). Chlortetracycline (CTC), which belongs to tetracyclines, is one of the most commonly used veterinary antibiotics in animal husbandry, 70–90% of which can be detected in manure (Joy et al. 2013). Large amount of livestock ma
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