Variations in photovoltaic parameters of CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells by changing the substrate for the deposition of
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Variations in photovoltaic parameters of CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells by changing the substrate for the deposition of CdS window layer Tarkeshwar Sinha1 · Lekha Verma1 · Ayush Khare1 Received: 25 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Herein, we report on the variation in photovoltaic (PV) parameters of CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells fabricated by depositing Cadmium sulfide (CdS) window layers on soda lime, indium doped tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the cubic crystalline structure of the deposited CdS films and the highest diffraction intensity is observed in the film deposited on the FTO substrate. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed the homogenous, crack-free, and smooth nature of the films. The surface roughness values of the CdS films deposited on soda-lime, ITO, and FTO substrates were found to be 35.87, 27.49, and 14.32 nm, respectively. The band-gap values of the CdS films estimated from Tauc’s plots are found to be in the range of 2.27–2.33 eV. The strong blue and green bands in PL spectra are found to peak at 560 nm. The peaks observed in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra are corresponding to C-S, Cd-S, and S-C-N vibrations. To fabricate a CdTe/CdS cell, the CdTe layer is deposited on the ITO-CdS and FTO-CdS layers separately. A back contact of silver is pasted on the top layer to complete the solar cell structure and the variations in photovoltaic (PV) parameters were recorded and analyzed. The efficiencies of CdTe/CdS cells fabricated with ITO-CdS and FTO-CdS window layers were found as 8.47% and 9.65%, respectively. Keywords Cadmium sulfide · Thin films · CBD · Substrate · CdTe/CdS solar cell
1 Introduction Availability of abundant and free solar energy to everyone in a relatively equal way, unlike the concentration of fossil fuels at some specific places, provides an opportunity for an individual to produce energy at any preferred location [1]. CdS is a very popular nanostructured material that has attracted the attention of researchers all over the world for a long time due to its tunable wide energy band-gap, high carrier concentration, very good transmission ability, and excellent stability under constant illumination [2, 3]. It is a widely recognized n-type semiconductor, which can be synthesized in several configurations including film, powder, pellets, nanorods, nanowires, etc. The CdTe and CdS together make an ideal pair for thin-film solar cell applications. CdTe as an absorber layer became a very popular choice due to its * Ayush Khare [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, India
energy band-gap of 1.45 eV that is highly aligned with solar radiation [4]. Additionally, it has a high optical absorption coefficient and a high electron mobility. Bonnet et al. [5] developed the first laboratory CdTe/Cd
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