Variations of soil organic matters and plant cuticular waxes along an altitude gradient in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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Variations of soil organic matters and plant cuticular waxes along an altitude gradient in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Luhua Yao & Na Guo & Yuji He & Yu Xiao & Yang Li & Jianhua Gao & Yanjun Guo
Received: 24 May 2019 / Accepted: 9 September 2019 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Aims This study aims to evaluate the variations of soil organic matter and plant leaf cuticular waxes along an altitude gradient at two mountains in the east side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods Surface soils were sampled along an altitude gradient (2600, 3000, 3400, 3800 and 4200 m). We analyzed the soil total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil lipids and leaf cuticular waxes in Kobresia humilis which distributed at all tested altitudes. Results A sharp concentration increase of TOC was observed when altitudes increased, whereas the proportions of DOC in TOC at low altitudes (3000 m and 2600 m) were significantly higher than those at higher altitudes. Altitudes also influenced the molecular weight, humification degree, aromaticity, and hydrophobicity of DOC molecular. Though soils at higher altitudes relatively had higher abundance of odd carbon alkanes and even carbon alcohols, soil lipid concentrations showed no significant difference between
altitudes. Relatively higher total wax coverage at high and low altitude was observed on leaves of K. humilis. Conclusions The changes of altitudes at alpine ecosystem were associated with alterations of both quantity and quality of soil organic matter as well as leaf cuticular wax coverage, which contributed to their environmental adaptations. Keywords Altitude . n-Alkane . Cuticular wax . Soil lipids . Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Abbreviations ACL Average chain length BSTFA N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide CPI Carbon preference index CDOM Chromophoric dissolved organic matter DOC Dissolved organic carbon GC/MS Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry FA Fulvic acids SOC Soil organic carbon SOM Soil organic matter TOC Total organic carbon
Responsible Editor: Shikui Dong. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04304-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Introduction
L. Yao : N. Guo : Y. He : Y. Xiao : Y. Li : J. Gao : Y. Guo (*) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China e-mail: [email protected]
Soil is the largest pool of terrestrial organic carbon in the biosphere (Schlesinger and Andrews 2000). The soil carbon decomposition and transferring directly influence the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), and thus have been focused on studies related to global climate
Plant Soil
changes (Schmidt et al. 2011). If carbon stored belowground is transferred to the atmosphere by a warminginduced acceleration of its decomposition, a positive feedback to climate change would occur (Davidson and Janssens 2006). Kirschbaum (1995) reported that a 1 °C increase in temperature could ultimately lead to a loss
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