Vertical migration through faults and hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in deepwater areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin
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Vertical migration through faults and hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in deepwater areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin WANG Zhenfeng1, LIU Zhen2, CAO Shang2*, SUN Zhipeng1, ZUO Qianmei1, WANG Yahui1, HE Weijun1 1
Zhanjiang Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Limited, Zhanjiang 524057, China 2 Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China Received 20 June 2014; accepted 29 September 2014 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well developed. Based on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hydrocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to accumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage. Key words: principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace, gas bearing structures, step-fault zone, Qiongdongnan Basin Citation: Wang Zhenfeng, Liu Zhen, Cao Shang, Sun Zhipeng, Zuo Qianmei, Wang Yahui, He Weijun. 2014. Vertical migration through faults and hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in deepwater areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(12): 96–106, doi: 10.1007/s13131-014-0579-2
1 Introduction Faulting is one of the most important factors that controls the formation and distribution of reservoir. It can not only be used as a shelter of hydrocarbon accumulation, but also as “a bridge and link” which connects source rock and trap. Currently, in terms of fault controlled hydrocarbon accumulation, many studies have been carried out on migration, accumulation and preservation of hydrocarbon. According to the theory of fault controlled hydrocarbon, faults represent a basic reason for the controlling of hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, scattering and distribution (Luo, 2002). Based on the study of the main controlling factors for the formation of 46 large and medium size gas fields in China, Fu et al. (2008) proposed that the transport pathway through faults is the main mechanism for gas migration in these gas fields, and this may also be the case for oth
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