Vertical Structure Classification of a Forest Sample Plot Based on Point Cloud Data
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Vertical Structure Classification of a Forest Sample Plot Based on Point Cloud Data Jianpeng Zhang1,2,3 • Jinliang Wang1,2,3 • Guangjie Liu1,2,3 Received: 17 July 2019 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 / Published online: 25 August 2020 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020
Abstract The vertical structure of forests affects energy transfer and material exchange within forest ecosystems and is of great significance to scientific forestry and ecology research. In this paper, the Shangri-La forest plot in northwestern Yunnan Province of China was the study area. The forest sample plot point cloud data were obtained by terrestrial laser scanning technology. A new method for classifying the vertical structure of forest sample plots based on point cloud data is proposed. The method comprehensively utilizes morphological filtering and comparative shortest-path (CSP) algorithm point cloud segmentation technology. Additionally, the method proposes the concept of secondary CSP segmentation that precisely classifies three types of vertical features in forest point cloud data: trees, shrubs and the ground. Finally, an accuracy analysis showed that the error rate of the tree results was 1.87%, and the error rate of the shrub results was 16.23%. Keywords Morphological filtering Point cloud segmentation Shangri-La TLS Vertical structure
Introduction As tree-based ecosystems, forests continually exchange energy and matter with other organisms in the biosphere (Zhao et al. 2013). In forest vegetation communities, populations occupy different growth spaces due to differences in growth habits, and thus, two main types of community distribution spatial structures are formed: a vertical structure and horizontal structure. The vertical structure of a forest generally refers to a stratification phenomenon in the vertical direction that reflects the vertical hierarchy of the forest. The vertical structure of a forest is usually divided into a tree layer, a shrub layer, and a ground layer. Vertical stratification in forest communities is the result of the vertical selection of some nutrients, such as sunlight & Jinliang Wang [email protected] 1
College of Tourism and Geographical Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
2
Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan, Kunming 650500, China
3
Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
and water in the vegetation, that directly affect the growth of trees and the succession of plant communities in the ecosystem (Han et al. 1999). The vertical structure of plants enhances the ability of communities to use environmental resources such as sunlight. Therefore, studying the vertical structure of forests is of great significance for improving the estimation of forest biomass and leaf area index and can provide a basis for forest succession, carbon cycle and primary productivity research (Wasseige and Defourny 2002). After separating trees, shrubs and gro
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