Video Waterscrambling: Towards a Video Protection Scheme Based on the Disturbance of Motion Vectors
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Video Waterscrambling: Towards a Video Protection Scheme Based on the Disturbance of Motion Vectors Yann Bodo TECH/IRIS/CIM, France Telecom R&D, 4 rue du Clos Courtel, 35512 Cesson S´evign´e Cedex, France Email: [email protected]
Nathalie Laurent TECH/IRIS/CIM, France Telecom R&D, 4 rue du Clos Courtel, 35512 Cesson S´evign´e Cedex, France Email: [email protected]
Christophe Laurent TECH/IRIS/CIM, France Telecom R&D, 4 rue du Clos Courtel, 35512 Cesson S´evign´e Cedex, France Email: [email protected]
Jean-Luc Dugelay Multimedia Communication Department, Institut EURECOM, 2229 Route des Cretes, BP 193, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France Email: [email protected] Received 31 March 2003; Revised 19 December 2003 With the popularity of high-bandwidth modems and peer-to-peer networks, the contents of videos must be highly protected from piracy. Traditionally, the models utilized to protect this kind of content are scrambling and watermarking. While the former protects the content against eavesdropping (a priori protection), the latter aims at providing a protection against illegal mass distribution (a posteriori protection). Today, researchers agree that both models must be used conjointly to reach a sufficient level of security. However, scrambling works generally by encryption resulting in an unintelligible content for the end-user. At the moment, some applications (such as e-commerce) may require a slight degradation of content so that the user has an idea of the content before buying it. In this paper, we propose a new video protection model, called waterscrambling, whose aim is to give such a quality degradation-based security model. This model works in the compressed domain and disturbs the motion vectors, degrading the video quality. It also allows embedding of a classical invisible watermark enabling protection against mass distribution. In fact, our model can be seen as an intermediary solution to scrambling and watermarking. Keywords and phrases: content protection, video scrambling, watermarking, motion estimation.
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INTRODUCTION
With the fast proliferation of high-bandwidth personal modems (especially ADSL and cable modems), the exchange of digital multimedia contents has drastically increased. This exchange is also greatly facilitated by the emergence of digital communities that share many files across peer-to-peer networks. Among these shared files, many are copyrighted, and in this context, it is necessary to control their distribution in an open network such as the Internet. This occurred recently with the MP3 revolution in digital audio contents. From this time, many MP3 processing softwares including CD rippers, MP3 encoders, and MP3 players have been posted for free on the Web allowing end-users
to build their own MP3 record collections from their own CDs. Inevitably, this situation has caused an incredible piracy activity and Web sites have begun to stream and provide copyrighted MP3 music for free. In response to this piracy situation, the Recor
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