Violence in Europe Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

SOFTCOVER EDITION Has violence changed over the centuries? Has it always held the same meanings for us? Will it always be a given in society? Taking the sociocultural long view, Violence in Europe analyzes the prevalence and role of violence—from street c

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Sophie Body-Gendrot • Pieter Spierenburg Editors

Violence in Europe Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

~Springer

Editors Sophie Body-Gendrot University of Sorbonne, Paris, France

Pieter Spierenburg Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

ISBN: 978-0-387-09704-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008933562

© 2009 Springer Science+ BusinessMedia, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in wholeor in part without the written permissionof the publisher(Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 233Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developedis forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, servicemarks, and similar terms, evenif they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expressionof opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

Acknowledgments

This collection is the principal result of a series of seminars, directed by the editors, and devoted to the confrontation between historical and contemporary scholarship dealing with violence. Meetings were held in Ferrara (2003), Berlin (2004), Brussels (2004), Rotterdam (2005) and Paris (2005). The series was sponsored by the Posthumus Institute with funds obtained from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). The seminars were part of the program of the Groupe Europeen de recherches sur les Normativites (GERN), which co-sponsored them. The editors also are grateful to the late Mario Sbriccoli of the University of Macerata for co-organizing the meeting in Ferrara and providing additional funds to Xavier Rousseaux of the Universite Catholique de Louvain (Center for Law & Justice History) and to the CEGES/SOMA of Belgium for doing the same for the meeting in Brussels.

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Contents

Introduction Sophie Body-Gendrot

.

Part I: Contested Definitions Violence: Reflections About a Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pieter Spierenburg

13

Violence as an Essentially Contested Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Willem de Haan

27

Part II: Long-Term Trends Homicide in Scandinavia: Long-Term Trends and Their Interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dag Lindstrom

43

Violence in France's Past: An Anthropological Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Francois Ploux

65

The Fall and Rise of Homicide in Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ian O'Donnell

79

Part III: Contemporary Trends Violence in Present-Day France: Data and Sociological Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Philippe Robert

95

From Old Threats to Enigmatic Enemies: The Evolution of Europe