Violence in Mental Health Settings Causes, Consequences, Management

Despite great improvement in service delivery, patient violence remains a major problem at mental health facilities. Focusing equally on causes, management, and prevention, this groundbreaking book represents the state of knowledge on this crucial topic.

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Dirk Richter Richard Whittington e ditor s

Violence in Mental Health Settings

Violence in Mental Health Settings Causes, Consequences, Management

Edited by

Dirk Richter Westphalian Hospital Münster and University of Münster Münster, Germany

and

Richard Whittington University of Liverpool Liverpool, England

Dirk Richter, PhD Institute of Sociology Westphalian Hospital Münster PO Box 200 252 D-48103 Münster Germany e-mail: [email protected]

Richard Whittington, PhD School of Health Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3GB United Kingdom e-mail: [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006926439 ISBN-10: 0-387-33964-7 ISBN-13: 978-0387-33964-1

e-ISBN-10: 0-387-33965-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-0387-33965-8

Printed on acid-free paper. © 2006 Springer Science +Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

About the Editors Dirk Richter, PhD, a nurse (with working experience in mental health) and sociologist, is currently researcher and quality manager at Westphalian Hospital in Münster, Germany, and associate professor (Privatdozent) at the Institute of Sociology, University of Münster. In German, he has authored and edited three books on violence in health care. He has co-authored a widely distributed booklet on conflict management in psychiatric settings and has written several research papers and book chapters on the topic. He has also published in fields such as social psychiatry, evaluation and quality management, medical philosophy, nursing science, social theory, and nationalism research. His latest book on the sociology of mental disorders in the era of life sciences was published in 2003 (in German). Richard Whittington, PhD, is a reader in the School of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, and an honorary research fellow with the Merseycare NHS Trust in Liverpool, United Kingdom. He is a psychologist and researcher with a background as a mental health nurse in intensive care and general acute psychiatric settings. He has published widely on psychological and social aspects of violence in both institutional and community settings, with a particular focus on the role of threat and fear in the generation of aggression. Topics include risk assessment, coercive interventions for managing aggression, traumatic and other responses among care staf