Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Bovine Respiratory Disease in Finland
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Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Bovine Respiratory Disease in Finland By H. Härtel1, S. Nikunen2, E. Neuvonen3, R. Tanskanen4, S-L. Kivelä5, P. Aho6, T. Soveri1, and H. Saloniemi1 1Department
of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, and 4Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, and 2Järvi-Suomen Portti, 3Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Virology Unit, and 5Department of Bacteriology, and 6Kuopio Regional Laboratory, National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland. Härtel H, Nikunen S, Neuvonen E, Tanskanen R, Kivelä S-L, Aho P, Soveri T, Saloniemi H: Viral and bacterial pathogens in bovine respiratory disease in Finland. Acta vet. scand. 45, 193-200. – Pathogens causing bovine respiratory tract disease in Finland were investigated. Eighteen cattle herds with bovine respiratory disease were included. Five diseased calves from each farm were chosen for closer examination and tracheobronchial lavage. Blood samples were taken from the calves at the time of the investigation and from 86 calves 3-4 weeks later. In addition, 6-10 blood samples from animals of different ages were collected from each herd, resulting in 169 samples. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine adenovirus-3 (BAV-3) and bovine adenovirus-7 (BAV-7). About one third of the samples were also tested for antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) with negative results. Bacteria were cultured from lavage fluid and in vitro susceptibility to selected antimicrobials was tested. According to serological findings, PIV-3, BAV-7, BAV-3, BCV and BRSV are common pathogens in Finnish cattle with respiratory problems. A titre rise especially for BAV-7 and BAV-3, the dual growth of Mycoplasma dispar and Pasteurella multocida, were typical findings in diseased calves. Pasteurella sp. strains showed no resistance to tested antimicrobials. Mycoplasma bovis and Mannheimia haemolytica were not found. bovine respiratory disease; calf; pneumonia; bacteria; virus; mycoplasma; tracheobronchial lavage; seroconversion.
Introduction Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major health problem of cattle worldwide. It inflicts considerable financial losses in beef herds (Moreno-Lopez 1990, Lekeaux 1995) and is the most common cause of mortality in dairy cattle (Wikse & Baker 1996). It is also an important welfare problem of calves. The causation is multifactorial and the disease appears to be a result of the interaction of infectious micro-organisms and such predisposing factors as host defence, environment and stress (Roy 1990,
Wikse & Baker 1996). Only a few reports exist on respiratory diseases of cattle in Finland (Sihvonen & Tuomi 1978, Tanskanen 1987, Rikula 2000). In addition, limited field studies have been published from other Nordic countries (Elvander 1996, Uttenthal et al. 1996, Norström et al. 2000, Larsen et al. 2001). Finland has a special situation, with freedom fr
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