Virtual anthropology? Reliability of three-dimensional photogrammetry as a forensic anthropology measurement and documen
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Virtual anthropology? Reliability of three-dimensional photogrammetry as a forensic anthropology measurement and documentation technique Rita Omari 1 & Cahill Hunt 1 & John Coumbaros 1,2 & Brendan Chapman 1 Received: 12 July 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Osseous remains provide forensic anthropologists with morphological and osteometric information that can be used in building a biological profile. By conducting a visual and physical examination, an anthropologist can infer information such as the sex and age of the deceased. Traditionally, morphological and osteometric information is gathered by physically handling remains for analysis. With the advancement of digital technology, there has been a shift from direct to indirect methods of analysis by utilizing models generated from three-dimensional (3D) imaging, which includes computed tomography (CT) scanning and 3D photogrammetry. Although CT scanning is more common, photogrammetry has found application in a range of fields such as architecture, geography and road accident reconstruction. The application of modern-day photogrammetry for forensic anthropology purposes, however, has not been discussed extensively. The aim of this research was to validate the accuracy of 3D models generated by photogrammetry by comparing them to both 3D models generated by CT scanning and the actual physical models. In this study, six 3D models were created using photogrammetry (n = 3) and CT scanning (n = 3). The 3D models were generated from three different Bone Clone® human skulls. A mobile phone camera was used to capture images, which were then processed in Agisoft Metashape®. Intrarater, interrater, and intermethod reliability tests gave correlation coefficients of at least 0.9980, 0.9871, and 0.9862, respectively; rTEM results ranged from 0.250 to 6.55%; and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) yielded P values under 0.05 for all measurements except one. Statistical tests therefore showed photogrammetry to be a reliable and accurate alternative to more expensive CT scanning approaches. Keywords Photogrammetry . Forensic anthropology . Anthropometry . Skull . CT scan . 3D reconstruction
Introduction Establishing the identity of unknown remains is a vital role of forensic science, and when conventional methods such as DNA and fingerprinting analysis fail due to extensive decomposition, a forensic anthropologist can aid with identification [1, 2]. Osseous remains provide forensic anthropologists with morphological information and osteometric measurements that can be used in building a biological profile including information such as classification of ancestry [2–4]; sex * Brendan Chapman [email protected] 1
Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia
2
Forensic Science Laboratory, ChemCentre, Bentley 6102, Western Australia
determination [5, 6]; age estimation [5–8]; and calculation of stature [6]. Traditiona
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