Virtual Orientalism in Brazilian Culture

Orientalist discourses in Brazilian culture are an expression of anxieties about the re-structuring of time and space in the network age. The book examines engagements with Japanese postmodern culture in Brazil, which emerge in relation to the history of

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Virtual Orientalism in Brazilian Culture

Edward King

VIRTUAL ORIENTALISM IN BRAZILIAN CULTURE

Copyright © Edward King, 2015. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-46831-4

All rights reserved. First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-349-69151-7 ISBN 978-1-137-46219-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137462190 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data King, Edward, 1981– Virtual orientalism in Brazilian culture / Edward King. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Japanese—Brazil—History—20th century. 2. Popular culture— Brazil—History—20th century. 3. Orientalism—Brazil. 4. Brazilian literature—20th century—History and criticism. 5. Japanese in literature. 6. Orientalism in literature. 7. Brazil—Civilization— Japanese influences. I. Title. F2659.J3K395 2015 306.0981—dc23

2014046146

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: May 2015 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

List of Figures

vii

Acknowledgements

ix

Introduction: Virtual Orientalism in Brazilian Culture

1

1

2 3

Graphic Fictions of Japanese Immigration to Brazil: “Pop Cosmopolitan” Mobility and the Disjunctive Temporalities of Migration

19

Otaku Culture and the Virtuality of Immaterial Labor in Maurício de Sousa’s Turma da Mônica Jovem

47

Ekphrastic Anxiety in Virtual Brazil: Photographing Japan in the Fiction of Alberto Renault

73

4 Paranoid Orientalism in Bernardo Carvalho’s O sol se põe em São Paulo 5 Paulo Leminski’s Haiku and the Disavowed Orientalism of the Poesia Concretaa Project 6

Moving Images of Japanese Immigration: The Photography of Haruo Ohara

97 119 145

Afterword

171

Notes

177

Works Cited

199

Index

211

Figures

0.1 Detail of “Samurai Errante,” by Daniel Esteves and Wanderson de Souza, page 45, in which the two teenagers, bored with the great-grandfather’s samurai sword, return to their computer games

2

Detail from page 17 of O vento do Orientee. While watching a film at an itinerant cinema run by Japanese immigrants, they come under attack by supporters of the Shindo Renmei movement

25

1.2 The opening page of the story O filho da costureiraa in which the protagonist Isidoro reads a newspaper article about the arrival of immigrants from Japan

35

1.3 A page from the story O catador de batatass in which the protagonist Ikemoto experiences a flashback to being inju