Vision and Displays for Military and Security Applications The Advan
Vision and Displays for Military and Security Applications presents recent advances in projection technologies and associated simulation technologies for military and security applications. Specifically, this book covers night vision simulation, semi-auto
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Keith K. Niall Editor
Vision and Displays for Military and Security Applications The Advanced Deployable Day/Night Simulation Project
Editor Keith K. Niall Defence Research & Development Embassy of Canada Washington DC USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-1722-5 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1723-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1723-2 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009943541 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Realistic and immersive simulations of land, sea, and sky are requisite to the military use of visual simulation for mission planning. Until recently, the simulation of natural environments has been limited first of all by the pixel resolution of visual displays. Visual simulation of those natural environments has also been limited by the scarcity of detailed and accurate physical descriptions of them. Our aim has been to change all that. To this end, many of us have labored in adjacent fields of psychology, engineering, human factors, and computer science. Our efforts in these areas were occasioned by a single question: how distantly can fast-jet pilots discern the aspect angle of an opposing aircraft, in visual simulation? This question needs some elaboration: it concerns fast jets, because those simulations involve the representation of high speeds over wide swaths of landscape. It concerns pilots, since they begin their careers with above-average acuity of vision, as a population. And it concerns aspect angle, which is as much as to say that the three-dimensional orientation of an opposing aircraft relative to one’s own, as revealed by motion and solid form. v
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Preface
The single question is by no means simple. It demands a criterion for eye-limiting resolution in simulation. That notion is a central one to our study, though much abused in general discussion. The question at hand, as it was posed in the 1990s, has been accompanied by others. Questions of the visibility of vehicles and features of the landscape (air-to-ground issues) have taken precedence over questions of the speed and direction of other aircraft (air-to-air issues). Other questions have arisen about the visibility and comprehensibility
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