Visualising Actor Network for Cooperative Systems in Marine Technology
Awareness is a concept familiar to specialists within the field of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). It is superior for analysing and describing some of the ad hoc work activities that unfold in cooperation. Such informal activities are outside
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AMO, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, Norway [email protected] 2 Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 3 IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark [email protected] 4 Department of Informatics, Linnæus University, Kalmar/Växjö, Sweden
Abstract. Awareness is a concept familiar to specialists within the field of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). It is superior for analysing and describing some of the ad hoc work activities that unfold in cooperation. Such informal activities are outside the scope of engineers’ formal models, which are created to tackle challenges concerning human activities and their social interac‐ tions with regards to safety concerns in operation. This paper draws on fieldwork conducted in a marine setting of offshore operations. It presents an attempt to visualise the importance of cooperative work activities that shape computer systems. The aim, thus, is to portray cooperative work in a way that can be valuable for engineers implementing marine technology. We do so by way of presenting a transferring technique (2T) using insights from the CSCW field and Actor Network Theory (ANT). Keywords: CSCW · Awareness · ANT · Offshore operations
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Background
Cooperative system design is descriptive based [1], meaning that “ethnography provides a picture of the social reality of work and interaction, one which may reveal a great deal not covered by more formal analytics procedures [2]”. Cooperative systems design aims at promoting better use of technology [3] in given environments by focusing on tech‐ nology, humans and social aspects of work practices. Engineers, however, find it difficult to transfer such (design) knowledge and implement it in engineering processes [4]. This increases safety challenges for offshore operations, such as ship bridge, subsea, and remotely operated underwater vehicle operations [5]. For example, as we will show in this article, marine operators want to have safety operations strengthened by using marine technology to monitor operations processes to be continually aware of on-going group activities. Yet, marine technology may not address such concerns since the primary focus of engineers is mechanical computing, with an emphasis on functionali‐ ties, rather than on social aspects, such as e.g., cooperation. We believe that automation
© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2016 Published by Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All Rights Reserved D. Kreps et al. (Eds.): HCC12 2016, IFIP AICT 474, pp. 178–190, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44805-3_15
Visualising Actor Network for Cooperative Systems
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of marine technology is their goal. CSCW designers are concerned about cooperative work and how it is supported by technology; however, a few studies and the existing descriptive approaches in marine context are hard understood by engineers [4]. Also, the voices of operators in the processes of systems design are omitted somehow [6]. This motivates us to explore a way of integrating bot
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