VRAA: virtualized resource auction and allocation based on incentive and penalty
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VRAA: virtualized resource auction and allocation based on incentive and penalty Congfeng Jiang · Liangcheng Duan · Chunlei Liu · Jian Wan · Li Zhou
Received: 14 May 2012 / Accepted: 15 October 2012 / Published online: 12 December 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract Virtualization is widely used in cloud computing environments to efficiently manage resources, but it also raises several challenges. One of them is the fairness issue of resource allocation among virtual machines. Traditional virtualized resource allocation approaches distribute physical resources equally without taking into account the actual workload of each virtual machine and thus often leads to wasting. In this paper, we propose a virtualized resource auction and allocation model (VRAA) based on incentive and penalty to correct this wasting problem. In our approach, we use Nash equilibrium of cooperative games to fairly allocate resources among multiple virtual machines to maximize revenue of the system. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we then apply the basic laws of auction gaming to investigate how CPU allocation and contention can affect applications’ performance (i.e., response time), and its effect on CPU utilization. We find that in our VRAA model, the fairness index is high, and the resource C. Jiang () · L. Duan · J. Wan · L. Zhou School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310037, China e-mail: [email protected] C. Jiang e-mail: [email protected] L. Duan e-mail: [email protected] J. Wan e-mail: [email protected] L. Zhou e-mail: [email protected] C. Liu Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA e-mail: [email protected]
allocation is closely proportional to the actual workloads of the virtual machines, so the wasting of resources is reduced. Experiment results show that our model is general, and can be applied to other virtualized non-CPU resources. Keywords Cooperative gaming · Auction · Bidding · Incentive and penalty · Virtualization
1 Introduction In virtualized environments, multiple consolidated virtual machines (VMs) and applications share dynamically allocated resources, which can improve resource utilization and flexibility of the system. As a result, data center administrators are faced with growing challenges to meet service level objectives (SLOs) in the presence of dynamic resource sharing and unpredictable interactions across many applications. Overcoming these challenges requires in-depth understanding of the relationship between the workloads and resource competition among multiple virtual machines. Virtualized resource allocation is quite different from physical resource allocation. The differences are mainly in the following two aspects: First, in virtualized environments, virtual machines share physical resources such as CPU, memory and I/O bandwidth and the workloads can change dynamically, making it difficult to predict the performance of virtual machine applications.
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