Waste to Energy Opportunities and Challenges for Developing and Tran
Solid waste management is currently a major issue worldwide with numerous areas reaching critical levels. Many developing countries and countries in transition still miss basic waste management infrastructure and awareness. It is here that many of t
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Avraam Karagiannidis Editor
Waste to Energy Opportunities and Challenges for Developing and Transition Economies
123
Assoc. Prof. Avraam Karagiannidis Department of Mechanical Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Box 483, 54124 Thessaloniki Greece e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 1865-3529 ISBN 978-1-4471-2305-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-2306-4
e-ISSN 1865-3537 e-ISBN 978-1-4471-2306-4
Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011942904 Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Many countries, beyond those considered to be ‘developing’, have waste management systems with significant improvement margins to reach worldwide stateof-the-art engineering, health and safety standards. These are still characterized by a heavy dependence on landfilling (both engineered and non-engineered) and diverging, but generally low, levels of recycling and composting, as well as a general absence of waste-to-energy schemes and plants. Waste-to-Energy (WtE) is understood in this edited volume to encompass a broad range of energy-from-waste approaches and techniques including incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, anaerobic digestion and co-combustion in existing industrial plants. This volume comprises of 15 chapters addressing different WtE aspects related to developing countries and transient waste management systems. The editor would like to thank all authors for the highly professional work and output. Special thanks are due to Mrs Stamatia Kontogianni for her comprehensive support during the entire editing process.
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Contents
Waste-to-Materials: The Longterm Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philip Nuss, Stefan Bringezu and Kevin H Gardner
1
Planning Tools and Procedures for Rational Municipal Solid Wastes Managem
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