Water Purification Using a Novel Reactor with Photoactive Refill
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Water Purification Using a Novel Reactor with Photoactive Refill Joanna Grzechulska-Damszel Æ Antoni W. Morawski
Received: 3 July 2008 / Accepted: 11 September 2008 / Published online: 2 October 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008
Abstract The aim of the presented work was the removal of organic impurities from water using a novel reactor with photoactive textile refill. Titanium dioxide was immobilized on the base textile as a thin layer using sodium silicate as a binding material. The results of studies revealed that the titania–silicate coatings show a high photocatalytic activity towards the azo-dye Acid Red 18 decomposition in water. The prepared coatings exhibit high stability in repeated cycles of water treatment Keywords Photocatalysis Titania–silica coatings Azo-dyes Water purification
1 Introduction Water and wastewater purification is one of the most promising application of photocatalytic processes since many of toxic impurities, both organic and inorganic, undergoes a complete mineralization to harmless final products during the photocatalytic process. The process of photodegradation in water phase with TiO2/UV system can be successfully applied for removal of organic compounds such as: humid acids, carboxylic acids and derivatives, dyes, phenols, pesticides, surface active compounds and others from water and wastewater. Many books and review papers were devoted to this matter [1–10]. The classical methods, such as activated carbon adsorption, membrane separation or coagulation usually just transfer contamination from one
J. Grzechulska-Damszel (&) A. W. Morawski Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Szczecin University of Technology, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland e-mail: [email protected]
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phase to another and do not lead to a complete elimination of separated pollutants. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is at present at a preindustrial level of development. Purification of water and wastewater by means of photocatalytic processes at industrial level is technically practicable. The basic investigations in the field of photocatalysis are now objected to learn about the mechanism of photocatalytic reactions, comparison of different process/reactors configurations and searching for materials with higher than titanium dioxide photocatalytic activity. Titanium dioxide, the most often used photocatalyst, can be applied in the suspension or immobilized on various supports. In the suspended systems the step of separation of the catalyst is necessary, what increases the overall costs of the process. Therefore, attempts to immobilize the catalyst on different supports have been made [11–15]. The literature data indicate that application of silicate materials as a binder for titanium dioxide particles provides very good results. The silica/titania mixed oxides have been reported to be more active than pure titania photocatalyst [15–20]. The addition of silica to titania enhances the thermal stability and the phase transformation of titania from anatase to ruti
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