Water Spectrophotometry in the UV and Visible Range as an Element of Water-Resource Ecoanalytics
- PDF / 703,372 Bytes
- 7 Pages / 612 x 792 pts (letter) Page_size
- 19 Downloads / 168 Views
ICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR ECOLOGY, MEDICINE, AND BIOLOGY
Water Spectrophotometry in the UV and Visible Range as an Element of Water-Resource Ecoanalytics N. L. Alukera,*, M. Herrmannb,**, and J. M. Suzdaltsevac,*** a
Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, 650000 Russia b Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PА, United States c Institute of Human Ecology, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, 650065 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] ***e-mail: [email protected] Received April 17, 2020; revised May 1, 2020; accepted May 4, 2020
Abstract—The use of electron absorption spectra of natural and drinking waters in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum region for the primary assessment of the quality of initial water samples is investigated. In some applications, the method can successfully quantify dissolved trace substances and chromophore groups in water samples. Direct spectrophotometry in the UV region of the untreated water samples is proposed as a cheap and expedient method for continuous monitoring in ecoanalytics of water resource. DOI: 10.1134/S0020441220050243
1. INTRODUCTION Water is a universal solvent that is required for vital biochemical reactions. Most salts dissolve well in water and form true solutions. A number of substances undergo hydrolysis when interacting with water, i.e., both the substances and the water dissociate to form new compounds [1, 2]. Dissolved inorganic and organic substances are present in all types of natural water without exception. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the salt composition of water is determined by Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ cations and Cl–, SO24 − , NO3− , and HCO3− anions. The alkalinity of water is mainly determined by the presence of bicarbonates and carbonates, while the solid residual is the sum of the mass concentrations of anions (bicarbonates and carbonates, chlorides, and sulfates) and cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium) [1, 2]; the total hardness of water is determined by the soluble salts of calcium and magnesium [1, 2]. The water turbidity is due to the presence of suspended particles of mineral and organic origin [1, 2]. The makeup of organic substances is quite complex and can include all classes of organic compounds, making it difficult to identify the chemical composition of water. Slightly different, but, in principle, very similar standards are used all over the world to assess the quality of drinking water, which is a major food item and a
source of a number of necessary elements that enter the human body. Water is analyzed by accredited laboratories that have the right to conduct an analysis for a certain range of indicators, whose number could be more than 100 [3]. These are gases, inorganic impurities of cationic and anionic natures, organic compounds, microorganisms, and radionuclides, thus making a complete analysis of water an extremely expensive and time-consuming proces
Data Loading...
