Wave Motion
In this chapter we present mathematical descriptions of wave motions in a nonlinear dispersive medium, and in a glass fiber.
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Optical Solitons in Fibers
Akira Hasegawa
Optical Solitons in Fibers Second Enlarged Edition
With 25 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Professor Dr, Akira Hasegawa AT & T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, NJ 07974-2070, USA
The first edition appeared in the series Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Vol. 116
ISBN 978-3-540-51747-4 ISBN 978-3-662-09113-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-09113-5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Hasegawa, Akira, 1934 -. Optical solitons in fibers 1 Akira Hasegawa. - 2nd en\. ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. I. Solitons. 2. Optical fibers. I. Title. QCI74.26.W28H37 1990 530.4'I-dc20 89-26313 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or pan of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or pans thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989 and 1990 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1990
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Cover design: W. Eisenschink, 0-6805 Heddesheim 2157/3150-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
To Professor Tosiya Taniuti who introduced the author to the concept of solitons
Preface to the Second Edition
The first edition of this booklet found its readers rather quickly, making it necessary to prepare this second updated edition. In view of the fact that only a few months had elapsed, it was only desirable to make some minor corrections and to include new material on the most recent experimental results on erbium doped fibers (Sect. 6.4) and on dark solitons (Sect. 10.2). There is little to add in respect to theory and to the related development in present and future applications of new technologies in the distortionless signal transmission in ultra-high speed telecommunications. Since the book is suitable for natural scientists in general and for graduate or last year undergraduate courses, it was decided to produce this second edition as a soft cover version with a lower price, thus making it easier for students to acquire their personal copy. Murray Hill, November 1989
A. Hasegawa
VII
Preface to the First Edition
The word soliton was coined by Zabusky and Kruskal in 1964 when they discussed the particle-like behavior of numerical solutions of the Korteweg deVries equation. The solitons emerge unchanged from collisions with each other and regain their asymptotic shapes, magnitudes, and speeds. In
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