Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL)
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Waist Circumference ▶ Waist Girth ▶ Waist Size
Waist Circumference (WC) Tavis S. Campbell, Jillian A. Johnson and Kristin A. Zernicke Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Synonyms
certain populations (e.g., elderly persons). Certain ethnic groups are genetically predisposed to store more fat in the abdomen, even at healthy weights (e.g., non-Hispanic blacks, people of Asian descent). It is measured by first locating the upper hipbone and lowest rib, followed by placing the end of a measuring tape between these two points and wrapping horizontally around the abdomen. Men with a waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 in.) and women with a waist circumference exceeding 88 cm (35 in.) are considered to be at increased risk for developing obesityrelated health problems, including type II ▶ diabetes, ▶ hypertension, and ▶ cardiovascular disease.
Girth
Cross-References Definition Waist circumference (WC) is considered a measure of the relative health risk associated with excess abdominal fat. Abdominal fat contains higher amounts of visceral fat, a fat that is produced by the liver, turned into ▶ cholesterol, and released into the bloodstream where it can form plaque on artery walls. Excess abdominal fat is associated with high ▶ cholesterol, ▶ high blood pressure, and ▶ cardiovascular disease. Waist circumference may be a better indicator of obesity-related diseases than ▶ body mass index (BMI) (Cawley, 2006), especially among
▶ Body Mass Index
References and Readings Cawley, J. H. (2006). Beyond BMI: The value of more accurate measures of fatness and obesity in social science research. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Heart and Stroke Foundation. (2010, January). Healthy waists. Retrieved April 8, 2011 from http://www. heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.3876195/ National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2011, April). Assessing your weight and health risk. Retrieved April 8, 2011 from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/ heart/obesity/lose_wt/risk.htm
M.D. Gellman & J.R. Turner (eds.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9, # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
W
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Waist Girth Christopher Shaw Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
Synonyms Waist circumference
Definition Waist girth is related to abdominal visceral fat and predicts a number of disease risk factors associated with obesity.
Description Obesity which is explained by an increase in body fat is associated with a clustering of risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome and originates from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. However, there is substantial evidence that body fat distribution rather than total fat mass per se plays a more important role in the development of such risk factors. Gynoid obesity (commonly referred to as “pear shaped”) reflects adipose tissue accumulation around the hips and buttocks, whereas android obesity (more commonly referred to as “appl
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