Wear Behavior of the Lead-Free Tin Bronze Matrix Composite Reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes
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ce the first discovery of the carbon nanotube (CNT) in 1991, intensive studies have been conducted concerning the preparation, characterization, and application of this fascinating material.[1,2] Many researchers have shown that CNTs possess remarkable mechanical properties, such as exceptionally high elastic modulus, large elastic strain, and fracture strain.[3–5] Therefore, CNTs are believed to be ideal for making advanced high-performance composites. We expect to fabricate CNT-reinforced metal matrix composites, which exhibited JUN ZENG, formerly Professor, with the Department of Physics, Xi An Engineering College, No. B-6 Sanqiao Road, Xi’an 710086, P.R. China, is now Associate Professor, with State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P.R. China Contact e-mail: [email protected] HUIQING FAN, Professor, is with the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University. YANGLI WANG, Associate Professor, and SIQUAN ZHANG, Professor, are with the Department of Physics, Xi An Engineering College. Manuscript submitted January 25, 2011. Article published online October 27, 2011 3858—VOLUME 42A, DECEMBER 2011
excellent tribological properties. However, because of the strong agglomeration of CNTs in the powder form and the poor compatibility of the interface between the CNTs and some metal matrices, the CNT-reinforced metal matrix composite is very difficult to obtain. In order to solve the agglomeration and compatibility, the coating copper on CNTs (Cu/CNTs) were used as reinforce for metal matrix in this article. Recently, copper has received considerable interests for their high electrical and thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance, and high melting point.[6–9] Nevertheless, low-wear resistance limits the extensive use of these materials. To improve the wear-resistance property of copper, some researchers made copper-lead alloys, tin bronzes aluminum alloys, etc.[10–12] Tin bronze was used as bearing materials to have high wear resistance and good antifriction properties. Especially because of its good mechanical properties, antioxidizing, and wear resistance, the bronze Cu-6 wt pct Sn-6 wt pct Zn-3 wt pct Pb (tin bronze 6-6-3) has been used extensively for bearings and other wear parts at middle speed and middle or high loads.[13] However, lead in bronze is harmful to the environment. Tin is a kind of valuable metal. Therefore, we try to substitute their content in the matrix with CNTs. In this article, part of tin and all of lead in the matrix was substituted with Cu/CNTs. The CNT/Cu-4 wt pct Sn-6 wt pct Zn composite (CNT/bronze composite) was used as the substitute of tin bronze 6-6-3. The effects of volume fraction of CNTs and the sliding distance on the wear behavior of the copper composites were investigated. Commercially available multiwalled CNTs with a diameter from 30 to 50 nm and the length about 20 lm were selected
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