Wearable ECG SoC for Wireless Body Area Networks: Implementation with Fuzzy Decision Making Chip
The work aims to present an ultra-low power Electrocardiogram (ECG) on a chip with an integrated Fuzzy Decision Making (FDM) chip for Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSN) applications. The developed device is portable, wearable, long battery life, and sma
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Mercedes-Benz Research and Development India, Bangalore, India [email protected] School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India [email protected]
Abstract. The work aims to present an ultra-low power Electrocardiogram (ECG) on a chip with an integrated Fuzzy Decision Making (FDM) chip for Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSN) applications. The developed device is portable, wearable, long battery life, and small in size. The device comprises two designed chips, ECG System-on-Chip and Fuzzy Decision Maker chip. The ECG on-chip contains an analog front end circuit and a 12-bit SAR ADC for signal conditioning, a QRS detector, and relevant control circuitry and interfaces for processing. The analog ECG front-end circuits precisely measure and digitize the raw ECG signal. The QRS complex with a sampling frequency of 256 Hz is extracted after filtering. The extracted QRS details are sent to the decision maker chip, where abnormalities/anomalies in patient’s health are detected and an alert signal is sent to the patient via wireless communication protocol. The patient’s ECG data is wirelessly transmitted to a PC, using ZigBee or a mobile phone. The chip is prototyped and employed in a standard 0.35 µm CMOS process. The operating voltage of Static RAM and digital circuits and analog core circuits are 3.3 V and 1 V, respectively. The total area of the device is about 6 cm2 and consumes about 8.5 µW. Small size and low power consumption show the effectiveness of the proposed design, suitable for wireless wearable ECG monitoring devices.
1 Introduction According to World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular and modern human behavior-related diseases are the major cause of mortality worldwide. These types of cardiovascular related-diseases, like Cardiac arrhythmias, Atrial fibrillation, and Coronary heart diseases, can be monitored and controlled with continuous personal healthcare supervision [1, 2]. Electrocardiogram (ECG) embodies the cardiovascular condition, therefore, is considered one of the most important human physiological signals. In applying measurement of physiological signals for continuous monitoring, patients usually cannot carry a bulky instrument, which restricts their mobility and makes them uncomfortable, with so many electrodes and cables attached to their bodies. Therefore, there is growing demand for a compact wearable ECG acquisition © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2016 Published by Springer International Publishing AG 2016. All Rights Reserved Y. Shin et al. (Eds.): VLSI-SoC 2015, IFIP AICT 483, pp. 67–86, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46097-0_4
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M. Pandiyan and G. Mani
system [2]. Wearable monitoring devices can record physiological variables, like ECG, blood pressure, etc. for several hours and store them in the memory for future use. The stored ECG data can then be utilized by clinicians or cardiologists for further diagnosis. The graphical embodiment of a wearable system for continuous remote monitoring is illustrated in
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