Web Data Mining: Validity of Data from Google Earth for Food Retail Evaluation
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Web Data Mining: Validity of Data from Google Earth for Food Retail Evaluation Mariana Carvalho de Menezes & Vanderlei Pascoal de Matos & Maria de Fátima de Pina & Bruna Vieira de Lima Costa & Larissa Loures Mendes & Milene Cristine Pessoa & Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza-Junior & Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche & Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa & Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso
Accepted: 23 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract To overcome the challenge of obtaining accurate data on community food retail, we developed an innovative tool to automatically capture food retail data from Google Earth (GE). The proposed method is relevant to non-commercial use or scholarly purposes. We aimed to test the validity of web sources data for the assessment of community food retail environment by comparison to ground-truth observations (gold standard). A secondary aim was to test whether validity differs by type of food outlet and socioeconomic status (SES). The
study area included a sample of 300 census tracts stratified by SES in two of the largest cities in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. The GE web service was used to develop a tool for automatic acquisition of food retail data through the generation of a regular grid of points. To test its validity, this data was compared with the ground-truth data. Compared to the 856 outlets identified in 285 census tracts by the ground-truth method, the GE interface identified 731 outlets. In both cities, the GE interface scored moderate to excellent compared to
M. C. de Menezes (*) : L. de Oliveira Cardoso National School of Public Health, Fiocruz-RJ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480- Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
B. V. de Lima Costa : L. L. Mendes : M. C. Pessoa Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
L. de Oliveira Cardoso e-mail: [email protected] V. P. de Matos : M. de Pina : P. R. B. de Souza-Junior Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fiocruz-RJ, Av. Brasil, 4.365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
V. P. de Matos e-mail: [email protected] M. de Pina e-mail: [email protected] P. R. B. de Souza-Junior e-mail: [email protected]
B. V. de Lima Costa e-mail: [email protected] L. L. Mendes e-mail: [email protected] M. C. Pessoa e-mail: [email protected] A. A. de Lima Friche : W. T. Caiaffa Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Observatório de Saúde Urbana, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
A. A. de Lima Friche e-mail: [email protected] W. T. Caiaffa e-mail: [email protected]
M.C. de Menezes et al.
the ground-truth data across all of the validity measures: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy (ranging from 66.3 to 100%). The validity did not differ by SES strata. Supermarkets, convenience stores and restaurants yielded better results than other store
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