Well-Being Productivity and Happiness at Work

High levels of well-being at work is good for the employee and the organization. It means lower sickness-absence levels, better retention and more satisfied customers. People with higher levels of well-being live longer, have happier lives and are easier

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Ivan Robertson Director, Robertson Cooper Professor of Organizational Psychology, Leeds University Business School

and

Cary Cooper Distinguished Professor of Organizational Psychology and Health, Lancaster University Director, Robertson Cooper Ltd

© Ivan Robertson and Cary Cooper 2011 Foreword © Lennart Levi 2011

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-24995-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.

ISBN 978-1-349-32103-2 ISBN 978-0-230-30673-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230306738 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11

There can be no health without mental health United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon: Message on World Mental Health Day, 10 October 2010

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CONTENTS

List of Figures, Tables and Boxes

x

Foreword

xiii

Acknowledgments

xv

PART 1 WHY WELL-BEING MATTERS Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

For Individuals

3

PWB is linked to success and health

4

Causes of PWB

9

For Organizations

14

PWB and “presenteeism”

17

Workplace factors and PWB

19

Well-Being and Employee Engagement

27

PWB and engagement

32

An integrated approach to employee engagement and PWB

35

PART 2 WHAT IS WELL-BEING? Chapter 4

Psychological Well-Being

41

Psychological well-being – is there a set point?

41

Changes in PWB

44

Positive emotions

46

Meaning and purpose

48

v

CONTENTS

Chapter 5

Measuring W