Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe Perceptio

Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe considers the various attitudes of European religious and secular writers towards Islam during the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. Examining works from England, France, Italy, the Holy Lands,

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We s t e r n Vi e w s o f I s l a m in Medieval and Early Modern Europe Perception of Other

Edited by David R. Blanks and Michael Frassetto

WESTERN VIEWS OF ISLAM IN MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN

EUROPE Copyright © David R. Blanks and Michael Frassetto, 1999. All rights reserved. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999 978-0-333-77528-8 Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information, address St. Martin’s Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. ISBN 978-1-349-41674-5 DOI 10.1057/9780312299675

ISBN 978-0-312-29967-5 (eBook)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Western views of Islam in medieval and early modern Europe : perception of other / edited by David R. Blanks and Michael Frassetto. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Christianity and other religions—Islam. 2. Islam—Relations— Christianity. 3. Islam—Historiography. I. Blanks, David R., 1961-. II. Frassetto, Michael. BP172.W49 1999 305.6’971’00902—dc21 99–11036 CIP Design by Letra Libre, Inc. First edition: December, 1999 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

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Dedicated with gratitude to our teacher Richard Sullivan

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Ta b l e O f C o n t e n t s Acknowledgments

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Introduction 1. Western Views of Islam in the Premodern Period: A Brief History of Past Approaches David R. Blanks 2. Popular Attitudes Toward Islam in Medieval Europe Jo Ann Hoeppner Moran Cruz 3. The Image of the Saracen as Heretic in the Sermons of Ademar of Chabannes Michael Frassetto 4. Muslims as Pagan Idolaters in Chronicles of the First Crusade John V. Tolan 5. The Essential Enemy: The Image of the Muslim as Adversary and Vassal in the Law and Literature of the Medieval Crown of Aragon Donald J. Kagay 6. Arabs and Latins in the Middle Ages: Enemies, Partners, and Scholars Alauddin Samarrai 7. Islam in the Glossa Ordinaria Ernest N. Kaulbach

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137 147

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“Seven trewe bataylis for Jesus Sake”: The Long-Suffering Saracen Palomides Nina Dulin-Mallory 9. Noble Saracen or Muslim Enemy? The Changing Image of the Saracen in Late Medieval Italian Literature Gloria Allaire 10. “New Barbarian” or Worthy Adversary? Humanist Constructs of the Ottoman Turks in Fifteenth-Century Italy Nancy Bisaha 11. Early Modern Orientalism: Representations of Islam in Sixteenth-and Seventeenth-Century Europe Daniel J. Vitkus List of Contributors Index

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231 233

Acknowledgments

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he editors of this volume would like to thank the many people who have helped it reach its successful conclusion. We would like to thank the Medieval Institute at Western Michigan University and the American University in Cairo for offering forums for the initial presentation of several of the essays in this book. We would also like to thank Michael Flamini for his encouragement and support i