What is the optimum lithotripsy method for high density stones during mini-PNL? Laser, ballistic or combination of both
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
What is the optimum lithotripsy method for high density stones during mini-PNL? Laser, ballistic or combination of both Semih Tangal 1 & Adem Sancı 2 & Utku Baklacı 2 & Muammer Babayiğit 2 & Murat Can Karaburun 2 & Eralp Kubilay 2 & Mehmet İlker Gökce 2 Received: 20 November 2019 / Accepted: 22 January 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the primary treatment option for renal stones > 20 mm in diameter. Mini-PNL gained popularity with its minimally invasive nature. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of ballistic and laser lithotripsy with the combined use of both techniques. Data of 312 patients underwent mini-PNL for renal stones with Hounsfield Unit > 1000 was investigated retrospectively. We identified 104 patients underwent combined ballistic and laser lithotripsy. Propensity score technique was used to create the laser and ballistic lithotripsy groups. Groups were matched on stone size, stone density, and Guy’s stone score. Primary end point of the study was to compare the stone free rate (SFR), complication rates, and duration of surgery. Mean age of the population was 49.4 ± 6.1, stone size was 24.6 ± 6.3 mm, and stone density was 1215 ± 89 HU. The groups were similar for age, stone size, stone density, and Guy’s stone score. The SFR and the complication rates of the 3 groups were similar (p = 0.67). The duration of the surgery was shorter in the combined group (46.1 ± 6.3 min) compared to the laser lithotripsy (54.5 ± 6.6 min) and ballistic lithotripsy (57.2 ± 6.9 min) groups. Both laser and ballistic lithotripsy are effective methods for stone fragmentation during mini-PNL. Combined use of both methods has the potential to improve the fragmentation rates and diminish the operative times in case of high density stones. Keywords Kidney stone . Percutaneous nephrolithotomy . Laser lithotripsy . Ballistic lithotripsy . Mini-PNL
Introduction Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the primary treatment modality for renal stones > 20 mm [1, 2]. Due to the nature of this surgery, there is significant risk of complications and to reduce the morbidity of the procedure, miniaturization of the PNL procedure was of interest. Jackman et al. reported the first mini-PNL technique [3]. Following this, dedicated instruments for mini-PNL were produced [4–8] and took their place in routine clinical practice [9]. Fragmentation of the stones in to smaller particles is an important step of PNL procedure, and currently ballistic, ultrasonic, and laser lithotripters are the most commonly used
devices for this purpose. The miniaturized PNL systems such as micro-PNL, ultra-mini-PNL, and super-mini-PNL methods mainly rely on use of holmium laser lithotripsy [9]. Therefore, comparison of lithotripsy methods for mini-PNL has not been studied extensively in clinical studies previously. Ganesamoni et al. conducted a prospective randomized study to compare the laser and ballistic lithotripsy during mini-PNL and concluded that b
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