What Will Millimeter Wave Communication (mmWave) Be?
New research directions bring basic changes in the design of future fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. Millimeter wave communication (mmWave) has emerged as a key to enable the next generation. This perceivable survey focuses on identifying this new
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ew radio (5G NR)
1 Introduction As more the existing technologies expand, consumers and businesses expect to see more opportunities in the future technology, this one has to be faster and have the ability to accomplish many services. 5G technology will operate the major fields of industries, namely: healthcare, education, transportation, smart homes and entertainment. Industrials and researchers started to clarify the 5G architecture after many experiences and resources. The commercial deployment of the 5G mobile network will be launched in 2019– 2020 according to The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The first set of 5G standards, Release 15, was delivered in December 2017, and there still many Improvements to be accomplished to meet all the requirements needed. The 5G design includes a set of new and effective technologies that will be used in its networks [1–6]. Nowadays, smart phones and the other electronic devices are using a very specific frequencies on the radio frequency spectrum [3 kHz–6 GHz], but these frequencies are starting to get more crowded. This problem causes slower service and dropped connections. To solve this complication, it is necessary to transmit signals on new bands of frequencies which called millimeter waves [30 GHz–300 GHz]. On the one hand, this
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Y. Farhaoui and L. Moussaid (Eds.): ICBDSDE 2018, SBD 53, pp. 119–131, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12048-1_14
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F. Z. Hassani-Alaoui and J. El Abbadi
large range of spectrum is needed to afford a combination of 5G requirements, namely: high data rates, high capacity, ultra-high reliability and omnipresent coverage. On the other hand, mmWave communications is the key to provide multi-gigabit used in new services [7]. In the initial phase, the principal worldwide spectrum options for 5G are at 3.3– 4.9 GHz and 24–28 GHz, 39 GHz for millimeter waves. More information about the licensed and unlicensed spectrum in the world are detailed in [8]. In this survey paper, we present the key technology of the future 5G networks. We have studied the newest and the latest progress in the mmWave communications area. The remainder of this review-paper is organized as follows. First, we introduce the signal propagation characteristics in mmWaves bands, from that point we describe the inconveniences in using those frequencies. Secondly, we highlight the 5G new radio (5G NR) which optimize the mmWaves based network, and a big attention is given to the Beamforming techniques due to the its important role. Finally, we conclude by the criterions that must be considered in the deployment of the future generation.
2 Characteristics of mmWave 2.1
Measurement Results and Channel Models
The creation of a new generation of mobile network, starts with understanding the channel characteristics of radio access technology (RAT), this step is important or even essential for the standardization, deployment and the design of 5G network [9]. The most influential and important project in the world in taking meas
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