When 5G Meets Industry 4.0
Since the 1980s, mobile communication has undergone major transitions from 1G to 4G, at a rate of roughly one generation per decade. And the next upgrade is set to come soon, with 5G heralding a new era of large-bandwidth Internet, and a multi-connection,
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When 5G Meets Industry 4.0
When 5G Meets Industry 4.0
Xiwen Wang • Longxiang Gao
When 5G Meets Industry 4.0
Xiwen Wang Beijing Huaxia Institute of Industrial Network Intelligent Technology Research Beijing, China
Longxiang Gao School of Information Technology Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia
ISBN 978-981-15-6731-5 ISBN 978-981-15-6732-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6732-2 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Image source: https://stock.adobe.com/de/images/abstract-city/15498053?prev_url=detail This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
With the development of global mobile communication technology, there is an intergenerational change cycle every decade. Since the 1980s, mobile communications have experienced changes from 1G to 4G at a rate of one generation per decade. Nowadays, the intergenerational upgrade in the past 10 years is coming again. 5G is opening a new era of large-bandwidth Internet and multi-connection, low-latency Internet of Everything. 1G was originated in 1984 and pioneered the era of mobile communications based on analog cellular technology. In 1990, 2G led the world into the digital communications era with two technical standards, namely GSM and CDMAOne. In 2000, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) identified WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA, and WiMAX as the four wireless communication interface standards for 3G. In 2010, with the development of wireless communication standards, TDD-LTE and FDD-LTE, 4G technologies become matured and were commercialized on a large scale. With rapid development of the digital economy and mobile Internet, large-scale increase in smartphones and infor
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