When Does Self-Criticism Lead to Depression in Collectivistic Context
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When Does Self-Criticism Lead to Depression in Collectivistic Context John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta 1 & Benedict Antazo 2 & Alelie Briones-Diato 3 & Karina Crisostomo 1 & Nenuca Fe Canlas 1 & Gerald Peñaranda 4 Accepted: 9 November 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The study examined a research model predicting the moderating effect of interdependent self-construal on the relationship between internal self-criticism and depression. The participants were 319 college students from the Philippines. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire directly administered to the participants. The findings revealed that internal self-criticism, but not interdependent self-construal, predicted depression. Interdependent self-construal moderated the influence of internal selfcriticism on depression, and showed that the influence of self-criticism on depression was weaker among individuals with high levels of interdependent self-construal. The findings were discussed in the context of cultural orientation in counseling practice. Keywords Self-criticism . Depression . Culture . Counseling . Filipinos
Introduction Cultural psychology has focused on exploring the role of culture on many psychological constructs and processes including its influence on mental health (e.g., Roxas et al. 2019; Yamaguchi et al. 2014). Markus and Kitayama (1991) proposed that individuals in independent cultures, usually WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) countries, * John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta [email protected]
1
Counseling and Educational Psychology Department, Br. Andrew Gonzalez FSC, College of Education, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines
2
Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Criminology and Education, Jose Rizal University, 1552 Mandaluyong City, Philippines
3
Department of Teacher Education, Cavite State University-General Trias Campus, General Trias, 4107 Cavite, Philippines
4
Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines
International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling
tend to have independent self-construal leading them to construe the self as unique, autonomous, distinct from other people, and prioritize self-expression. On the other hand, individuals from interdependent cultures, usually non-WEIRD countries, are characterized to have an interdependent self-construal leading them to view the self as fundamentally interconnected with others, placing a high premium on social harmony and norms over self-expression (Heine 2003; Markus and Kitayama 1991). Due to interdependent self-construal, or the extent to which a person defines one’s self as interconnected to other people (Heine 2003; Heine et al.,1999; Markus and Kitayama 1991), many psychological processes that impact mental health were found to operate differently in cultures that are known to be interdependent (e.g., Cheung and Park 2010; Roxas et al. 20
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