Wireless Sensor Networks for Military Purposes
By connecting multiple sensors, data analysis services and applications, military capabilities can be increased significantly. Consequently, wireless sensor networking has become a fundamental aspect of modern military sensor technology and military infor
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Abstract By connecting multiple sensors, data analysis services and applications, military capabilities can be increased significantly. Consequently, wireless sensor networking has become a fundamental aspect of modern military sensor technology and military information systems. The diverse set of military use cases for wireless sensor networks is presented in this chapter in the context of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, of environmental monitoring and of battlefield situational awareness. On this basis, the characteristics of military wireless sensor networks are outlined towards operation without a pre-deployed infrastructure, for a rapid deployment of the capability, and for operation in a hostile environment. The extent to which the military requirements on wireless sensor networks go beyond commercial/civil requirements is explained. In the areas of security and sensor fusion, many wellknown mechanisms deployed for the internet infrastructure are not applicable and alternative solutions are furthermore presented. Keywords Civil military cooperation, Military applications, Security, Sensor fusion, Situational awareness, Surveillance, Waveform design, Wireless sensor networks
M. Winkler (*) and K.-D. Tuchs NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency (until 2011), The Hague, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] M. Street and K. Wrona NATO Communications and Information Agency, The Hague, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] D. Filippini (ed.), Autonomous Sensor Networks: Collective Sensing Strategies for Analytical Purposes, 365 Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2013) 13: 365–394 DOI 10.1007/5346_2012_40, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012, Published online: 23 November 2012
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Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Military Purposes for the Use of Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Environmental Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Battlefield Situational Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Military Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Perimeter Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Overnight Village Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Road Monitoring for
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