Working with Preferences: Less Is More Less Is More

Preferences are useful in many real-life problems, guiding human decision making from early childhood up to complex professional and organizational decisions. In artificial intelligence specifically, preferences is a relatively new topic of relevance to n

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Editorial Board: A. Bundy J. G. Carbonell M. Pinkal H. Uszkoreit M. Veloso W. Wahlster M. J. Wooldridge

Advisory Board: Luigia Carlucci Aiello Franz Baader Wolfgang Bibel Leonard Bolc Craig Boutilier Ron Brachman Bruce G. Buchanan Anthony Cohn Artur d’Avila Garcez Luis Fari˜nas del Cerro Koichi Furukawa Georg Gottlob Patrick J. Hayes James A. Hendler Anthony Jameson Nick Jennings Aravind K. Joshi Hans Kamp Martin Kay Hiroaki Kitano Robert Kowalski Sarit Kraus Maurizio Lenzerini Hector Levesque John Lloyd

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Souhila Kaci

Working with Preferences: Less Is More

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Prof. Souhila Kaci LIRMM (Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier) 161 rue ADA F34392 Montpellier Cedex 5 France [email protected]

Managing Editors Prof. Dov M. Gabbay Augustus De Morgan Professor of Logic Department of Computer Science King’s College London Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK

Prof. Dr. J¨org Siekmann Forschungsbereich Deduktions- und Multiagentensysteme, DFKI Stuhlsatzenweg 3, Geb. 43 66123 Saarbr¨ucken, Germany

Cognitive Technologies ISSN 1611-2482 ISBN 978-3-642-17279-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-17280-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17280-9 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011929774 ACM Computing Classification: I.2, J.4, F.4 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011  This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: K¨unkelLopka GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

To my parents

Preface

Because preferences naturally arise and play an important role in many real-life decisions, they are the backbone of various fields. Preferences are fundamental in scientific research frameworks such as artificial intelligence, economics, and social choice theory, as well as applications, e.g., recommender systems