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World Englishes in English Language Teaching

Alex Baratta

World Englishes in English Language Teaching

Alex Baratta Manchester Institute of Education The University of Manchester Manchester, UK

ISBN 978-3-030-13285-9 ISBN 978-3-030-13286-6  (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13286-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019931747 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: kenkuza_shutterstock.com This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Contents

1 Introduction 1 2

Variety Within Inner Circle Englishes 25

3

The Reality of World Englishes 37

4

Non-inner Circle Englishes Versus Language Errors 69

5

Three Varieties of Non-inner Circle English 117

6

Non-inner Circle Englishes in the Classroom 135

7 Methodology 167 8

Results and Discussion 181

9

How World Englishes Can Be Used in the EFL Classroom 273

v

vi     Contents

10 Conclusion 309 Index 315

List of Tables

Table 7.1 Table 7.2 Table 7.3 Table 8.1 Table 8.2 Table 8.3 Table 8.4 Table 8.5 Table 8.6 Table 8.7 Table 8.8 Table 8.9 Table 8.10 Table 8.11 Table 8.12 Table 8.13 Table 8.14

EFL teachers who are native speakers of an inner circle English 176 Non-native speakers of inner circle English with experience of teaching EFL 178 Non-native speakers of inner circle English who were/are not EFL teachers 179 World Englishes as varieties of English 182 Miscellaneous categories of world English 185 Singlish 199 Konglish 201 Hong Kong English 203 West African English 204 Spanglish 204 Filipino English 205 Thai English 206 Malaysian English 206 A comparison of inner circle English spel