X-Ray Exposure in Coronary CT Angiography

In coronary CT angiography (CTA), X-ray radiation is delivered through an X-ray tube from which the amount of radiation emitted can be carefully controlled. Recently, the use of X-rays for diagnostic purposes has been the subject of important and renewed

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Imaging $PSPOBSZ"SUFSJFT Second edition In collaboration with Roberto Leo With a collection of clinical cases

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Imaging Coronary Arteries

David A. Dowe Massimo Fioranelli Paolo Pavone Editors

Imaging Coronary Arteries Second edition In collaboration with Roberto Leo With a collection of clinical cases

Springer

Editors David A. Dowe Coronary CTA Program Director Atlantic Medical Imaging Galloway, NJ, USA Massimo Fioranelli Head of Heart Center Casa di Cura Mater Dei Rome, Italy Scientific Director of the Centro Studi in Scienze della Vita “Guglielmo Marconi” University Rome, Italy Paolo Pavone Radiology Department Casa di Cura Mater Dei Rome, Italy

ISBN 978-88-470-2681-0 DOI 10.1007/978-88-470-2682-7

ISBN 978-88-470-2682-7 (eBook)

Springer Milan Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012951304 © Springer-Verlag Italia 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover design: Ikona S.r.l., Milan, Italy Typesetting: C & G di Cerri e Galassi, Cremona, Italy Printing and binding: Grafiche Porpora, Segrate (MI), Italy Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., Via Decembrio 28, 20137 Milan Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface to the Second Edition

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries, yet for many years the prediction of c