Youth Gangs in International Perspective Results from the Eurogang P
As a steady source of juvenile delinquents and an incubator for future adult offenders, the youth gang has long been a focus of attention, from their origins and prevalence to intervention and prevention strategies. But while delinquent youth form gangs w
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Finn-Aage Esbensen
●
Cheryl L. Maxson
Editors
Youth Gangs in International Perspective Results from the Eurogang Program of Research
Editors Finn-Aage Esbensen Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice University of Missouri-St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA [email protected]
Cheryl L. Maxson Department of Criminology Law and Society University of California Irvine, CA, USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4614-1658-6 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-1659-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1659-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943749 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
We dedicate this volume of original research to our fearless leader, the individual who had the foresight to identify the need for, and importance of, multi-site, multi-method gang research: Old Silverback – Malcolm “Mac” Klein.
Contents
1
The Eurogang Program of Research and Multimethod Comparative Gang Research: Introduction ........................................ Finn-Aage Esbensen and Cheryl L. Maxson
Part I 2
3
4
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6
7
1
Definitional Issues in the Comparative Context
Putting the “Gang” in “Eurogang”: Characteristics of Delinquent Youth Groups by Different Definitional Approaches ........................................................................ Kristy N. Matsuda, Finn-Aage Esbensen, and Dena C. Carson
17
Counting Gangs: Conceptual and Validity Problems with the Eurogang Definition ................................................................ Judith Aldridge, Juanjo Medina-Ariz, and Robert Ralphs
35
Gang Member: Who Says? Definitional and Structural Issues ............................................................................. Hannah Smithson, Leanne Monchuk, and Rachel Armitage
53
Five Decades of Defining Gangs in The Netherlands: The Eurogang Paradox in Practice ...................................................... Frank van Gemert
69
Gang Organization, Offending, and Victimization: A Cross-National Analysis..................................................................... David C. Pyrooz, Andrew M. Fox, Charles M. Katz, and Scott H. Decker Betwixt and Between Street and Prison Gangs: Defining Gangs and Structures in Youth Correctional Facilities.....
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