Zilch vortical effect, Berry phase, and kinetic theory
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Springer
Received: July 17, Revised: September 6, Accepted: September 12, Published: October 19,
2020 2020 2020 2020
Zilch vortical effect, Berry phase, and kinetic theory
a
Physics Department and Center for Particle Physics and Field Theory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China b Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China c Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow 117218, Russia d Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow 141700, Russia e Theoretical Division, MS B283, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.A. f Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Rotating photon gas exhibits a chirality separation along the angular velocity which is manifested through a generation of helicity and zilch currents. In this paper we study this system using the corresponding Wigner function and construct elements of the covariant chiral kinetic theory for photons from first principles. The Wigner function is solved order-by-order in ~ and the unconstrained terms are fixed by matching with quantum field theory results. We further consider the zilch and helicity currents and show that both manifestations of the chirality transport originate in the Berry phase of photons similarly to other chiral effects. Constructing the kinetic description from the Wigner function we find that the frame vector needed to fix the definition of spin of a massless particle is, in fact, the vector of the residual gauge freedom for the free Maxwell theory. We also briefly comment on the possible relation between vortical responses in rotating systems of massless particles and the anomalies of underlying quantum field theory. Keywords: Anomalies in Field and String Theories, Thermal Field Theory, Topological States of Matter ArXiv ePrint: 2006.03591
c The Authors. Open Access, Article funded by SCOAP3 .
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2020)117
JHEP10(2020)117
Xu-Guang Huang,a,b Pavel Mitkin,c,d Andrey V. Sadofyevc,e and Enrico Speranzaf
Contents 1
2 Zilch currents and rotating thermal radiation
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3 Chiral kinetic theory
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4 Wigner function for photons
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5 Summary
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11
Introduction
Systems of chiral particles can exhibit a set of novel transport phenomena closely tied to the anomalies of the underlying quantum field theory (QFT). These chiral effects can considerably influence dynamics of a variety of systems from quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions to Weyl and Dirac semi-metals and attracted a lot of attention in the literature, for review see [1–3]. Recently, it was suggested that some chiral effects can take place for photons and other massless particles and quasi-particles with spin s > 12 , see e.g. [4, 5]. Particularly, in a rotating gas of photons one may expect a separa
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