Zinc and Selenium in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trace Elements with Key Roles?
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Zinc and Selenium in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trace Elements with Key Roles? Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari 1 & Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou 1 & Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani 1 & Parisa Hassanpour 1 & Durdi Qujeq 2,3 & Nadereh Rashtchizadeh 4 & Amir Ghorbanihaghjo 5 Received: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 18 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that may emerge at a young age and often lasts for life. It often goes through phases of recurrence and remission and has a devastating effect on quality of life. The exact etiology of the disease is still unclear, but it appears that an inappropriate immune response to intestinal flora bacteria in people with a genetic predisposition may cause the disease. Managing inflammatory bowel disease is still a serious challenge. Oxidative stress and free radicals appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, and a number of studies have suggested the use of antioxidants as a therapeutic approach. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of some trace elements have led some of the research to focus on studying these trace elements in inflammatory bowel disease. Zinc and selenium are among the most important trace elements that have significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Some studies have shown the importance of these trace elements in inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the findings of these studies and to gather current knowledge about the association of these trace elements with the inflammatory process and inflammatory bowel disease. Keywords Inflammatory bowel disease . Zinc . Selenium . Inflammation . Trace elements
Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disease, and several factors are involved in its pathogenesis. Genetic susceptibility, intestinal microflora, immune function, and environmental factors appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD [1, 2]. The prevalence of the IBD has increased significantly in both developing and developed countries over the past * Amir Ghorbanihaghjo [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
3
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
4
Connective Tissue Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
5
Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14711, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran
three decades [3]. IBD is a chronic disease that is often lifelong in its duration. Diagnosis and monitoring of this disease is a serious challenge, and although recent studies have shown advances in introducing less invasive methods for diagnosis and monitorin
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