2DOTS-multi-bit-encoding for robust and imperceptible image watermarking
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2DOTS-multi-bit-encoding for robust and imperceptible image watermarking Ahmed Khan 1 Received: 30 January 2020 / Revised: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
In this article, a new and improvised image watermarking (IW) technique on colored images is proposed to mitigate robustness and imperceptibility issues found often in the past presented schemes. Most schemes exhibit low robustness due to LSB’s (Least Significant Bit) and MSB’s (Most Significant Bit) based information hiding in the cover image. However, most of these IW schemes have low imperceptibility as the cover image distortion reveals to the attacker due to information hiding in MSB’s. Such IW schemes used to hide the secret message via MSBs and LSBs are susceptible to malicious intruder attacks which results in low robustness, whereas, the attacks on MSB’s have an impact of reduced imperceptibility. Therefore, this paper propounds a digital IW method named as 2D Otsu algorithm, which allows embedding of a grayscale image into a colored host in the wavelet domain. According to this algorithm, the host image is disintegrated into three color bands of blue, red, and green. Each band is divided into small patches leading to the calculation of entropy followed by finding of the threshold that is estimated by taking the average of entropies of all the patches. Wavelet representation of each patch with entropy less than the threshold is given by applying DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform). Later, by decomposing gray-scale image into binary bits, secret information embedded by quantization technique into optimal wavelet coefficient blocks either encoding wavelet coefficient differences to 0-bits or 1-bits called MultiBit Encoding (MBE). The results obtained show that the imperceptibility and robustness of this proposed model are superior to other proposed watermarking models and this model gives better results than other models at the same payload. Keywords Watermarking . Multi-bit encoding-decoding . Robustness . Imperceptibility . OtsuDWT
* Ahmed Khan [email protected]
1
School of Information Technology, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
Multimedia Tools and Applications
1 Introduction In this modern era where technology has crossed milestones and still thriving further, the role of socialnetworking and data sharing has become a necessity [1]. Capturing pictures that reflect the social and personal lifeand ultimately sharing them with loved ones has become a part of daily routines [2]. All of this is fostered by theinternet and several well-developed devices like mobile phones and cameras that can manage highresolutionimaging are within the reach of the common man [3]. With transferring images from one device another, severaldata thefts such as copyright attacks, privacy invasion, and data manipulation can be one of the most lethal crimesthat can have drastic effects either personally or globally [4]. Moreover, if the image sharing is not protected, the
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