3D Carbon Frameworks for Ultrafast Charge/Discharge Rate Supercapacitors with High Energy-Power Density

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Cite as Nano-Micro Lett. (2021) 13:8 Received: 5 July 2020 Accepted: 8 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00535-w

3D Carbon Frameworks for Ultrafast Charge/ Discharge Rate Supercapacitors with High Energy‑Power Density Changyu Leng1, Zongbin Zhao1 *, Yinzhou Song1, Lulu Sun1, Zhuangjun Fan3, Yongzhen Yang4, Xuguang Liu4, Xuzhen Wang1, Jieshan Qiu1,2 *

HIGHLIGHTS • 3D carbon frameworks (3DCFs) constructed by interconnected nanocages show a high specific surface area, hierarchical porosity, and conductive network. • The deoxidization process removed most of surface oxygen-containing groups in 3DCFs that leads to fast ion diffusion kinetics, good electric conductivity, and limited side reactions. • The deoxidized 3DCFs exhibit an ultrafast charge/discharge rate as electrodes for SCs with high energy-power density in both aqueous and ionic liquids electrolytes.

ABSTRACT  Carbon-based electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs)

NO, CO, CO2

hold tremendous potentials due to their high-power performance and

I

+

excellent cycle stability. However, the practical use of EDLCs is limPVP

ited by the low energy density in aqueous electrolyte and sluggish dif-

II

KNO3 III

fusion kinetics in organic or/and ionic liquids electrolyte. Herein, 3D carbon frameworks (3DCFs) constructed by interconnected nanocages (10–20 nm) with an ultrathin wall of ca. 2 nm have been fabricated, which possess high specific surface area, hierarchical porosity and good conductive network. After deoxidization, the deoxidized 3DCF (3DCFDO) exhibits a record low IR drop of 0.064 V at 100 A g−1 and ultrafast charge/discharge rate up to 10 V s−1. The related device can be charged

up to 77.4% of its maximum capacitance in 0.65 s at 100 A g−1 in 6 M

IV

Ultrafast Charge/ Discharge process Ions transport e−

3DCF-DO

e−

3DCFs

Charge transfer e−

e− Conductive substrate

C

O

N

H

KOH. It has been found that the 3DCF-DO has a great affinity to E ­ MIMBF4, resulting in a high specific capacitance of 174 F g−1 at 1 A g−1,

and a high energy density of 34 Wh kg−1 at an ultrahigh power density of 150 kW kg−1 at 4 V after a fast charge in 1.11 s. This work provides a facile fabrication of novel 3D carbon frameworks for supercapacitors with ultrafast charge/discharge rate and high energy-power density. KEYWORDS  3D carbon frameworks; Nanocages; Ultrafast charge/discharge rate; High energy-power density; Supercapacitors

* Zongbin Zhao, [email protected]; Jieshan Qiu, [email protected] 1 State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China 2 College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, People’s Republic of China 4 Key Lab of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Mini