3D positioning scheme exploiting nano-scale IR-UWB orthogonal pulses
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3D positioning scheme exploiting nano-scale IR-UWB orthogonal pulses Nammoon Kim and Youngok Kim*
Abstract In these days, the development of positioning technology for realizing ubiquitous environments has become one of the most important issues. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a well-known positioning scheme, but it is not suitable for positioning in in-door/building environments because it is difficult to maintain line-of-sight condition between satellites and a GPS receiver. To such problem, various positioning methods such as RFID, WLAN, ZigBee, and Bluetooth have been developed for indoor positioning scheme. However, the majority of positioning schemes are focused on the two-dimension positioning even though three-dimension (3D) positioning information is more useful especially in indoor applications, such as smart space, U-health service, context aware service, etc. In this paper, a 3D positioning system based on mutually orthogonal nano-scale impulse radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) signals and cross array antenna is proposed. The proposed scheme uses nano-scale IR-UWB signals providing fine time resolution and high-resolution multiple signal specification algorithm for the time-ofarrival and the angle-of-arrival estimation. The performance is evaluated over various IEEE 802.15.4a channel models, and simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed scheme. Keywords: 3D positioning, nano-scale pulse, UWB, orthogonality, impulse radio
Introduction The extraction of interesting features or positioning information from target objectives has become increasingly popular and required for realizing intelligent environment services such as smart space, U-health service, context aware service, etc [1-3]. It is well known that the outdoor positioning system has shown a lot of progress with Global Positioning System (GPS), which is a navigation system based on satellite signals. However, this method is useful only in the line-of-sight condition between satellites and GPS receivers, i.e., outdoor environments. It is hard to get the positioning information by using the GPS in in-door/ building environments, where most urban peoples are active and reside. Recently, the importance of indoor positioning technology has been gradually increased because of rescue operations and disaster prevention in underground shopping centers, factories, logistics centers, and so on. As indoor positioning method, various systems such as RFID, WLAN, ZigBee, and Bluetooth have been considered, but their positioning errors are several meters * Correspondence: [email protected] Kwangwoon University, 26 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 139-701, South Korea
to tens of meters. Moreover, most positioning researches have been focused on two-dimension (2D) positioning even though three-dimension (3D) positioning information is more useful in indoor applications. In indoor environments, the time-of-arrival (TOA) and the angle-ofarrival (AOA) approaches are well-known scheme for a high-precision ranging purpose. The f
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